Merge branch 'main' into add_fibonacchi_heap

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 This documentation aims to simplify and guide the way beginners make their first contribution. If you are looking to make your first contribution, follow the steps below.
 
-_If you're not comfortable with command line, [here are tutorials using GUI tools.](#tutorials-using-other-tools)_
+_If you're not comfortable with the command line, [here are tutorials using GUI tools.](#tutorials-using-other-tools)_
 
 <img align="right" width="300" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/68538660/106238740-67a62b80-61cf-11eb-9892-6a0877a80fbf.png" alt="fork this repository" />
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ git checkout -b add-new-file
 
 ## Make necessary changes and commit those changes
 
-Now open add or edit file in a text editor. Add code for any existing algorithm in other language or add some new algorithms. Make sure to update correspond README.md file if needed. Now, save the file.
+Now open add or edit file in a text editor. Add code for any existing algorithm in other language or add some new algorithms. Make sure to update the corresponding README.md file if needed. Now, save the file.
 
 <img align="right" width="450" src="https://firstcontributions.github.io/assets/Readme/git-status.png" alt="git status" />
 

README.md

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ It can be any of the following ones
 
 #### Source Code File
 
-The source code files, should either be in `src/` folder (**Eg.** `src/main.cpp` or `src/main.js`) or the root folder (**Eg.** `palindrome.go` or `App.java`) where `ext` is the file extension for the specific programming language.
+The source code files should either be in `src/` folder (**Eg.** `src/main.cpp` or `src/main.js`) or the root folder (**Eg.** `palindrome.go` or `App.java`) where `ext` is the file extension for the specific programming language.
 
 Again, the source codes must conform to a valid file structure convention that the programming language enforces.
 

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Arrays/Largest-smallest.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+using namespace std;
+
+//simple approach:
+//sort the array in ascending order.
+//the first element would be the smallest and the last element would be the largest
+
+int main()
+{
+    int arr[]={1,2,3,4,5};
+    int n=sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
+    cout<<n<<endl;
+    sort(arr,arr+n);//sorting the array
+    //sort(a,a+n)-->a is the name of the array and n is the size of array a
+    cout<<arr[0]<<" --> smallest number "<<endl;
+    cout<<arr[n-1]<<" --> largest number "<<endl;
+
+    return 0;
+}

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Backtracking/rat-in-a-maze-problem.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include<iostream>
+using namespace std;
+
+bool issafe(int** arr, int x, int y, int n){
+    if(x<n && y<n && arr[x][y]==1){
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+bool ratinMaze(int** arr, int x, int y, int n, int** solArr){
+    if(x==n-1 && y==n-1){
+        solArr[x][y]=1;
+        return true;
+    }
+    if(issafe(arr, x, y, n)){
+        solArr[x][y]=1;
+        if(ratinMaze(arr, x+1, y, n, solArr)){
+            return true;
+        }
+        if(ratinMaze(arr, x, y+1, n, solArr)){
+            return true;
+        }
+        solArr[x][y]=0;
+        return false;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+int main(){
+    int n;
+    cin>>n;
+    int** arr=new int*[n];
+    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
+        arr[i]=new int[n];
+    }
+    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
+        for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
+            cin>>arr[i][j];
+        }
+    }
+    int** solArr=new int*[n];
+    for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
+        solArr[i] = new int[n];
+        for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
+            solArr[i][j]=0;
+        }
+    }
+    if(ratinMaze(arr, 0, 0, n, solArr)){
+        for(int i=0; i<n; i++){
+        for(int j=0; j<n; j++){
+            cout<<solArr[i][j];
+        }cout<<endl;
+
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Time complexity: O(2^(n^2)). The recursion can run upper-bound 2^(n^2) times.
+   Space Complexity: O(n^2). Output matrix is required so an extra space of size n*n is needed. */

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Linked-Lists/reverseInGroupsOfK.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Description := Reverse a linkedlist in groups of size K .
+
+// Time and space complexity :-
+// Time Complexity = O(N) and Space Complexity = O(N)
+
+// Example :-
+// Input: 1->2->3->4->5->6->7->8->NULL, K = 3 
+// Output: 3->2->1->6->5->4->8->7->NULL 
+
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Node{
+    public:
+    int data;
+    Node* next;
+};
+
+void push(Node* &head_ref, int new_data)
+{
+    Node* new_node = new Node();
+ 
+    new_node->data = new_data;
+ 
+    new_node->next = head_ref;
+ 
+    head_ref = new_node;
+}
+
+void printList(Node* node)
+{
+    while (node != NULL) {
+        cout << node->data << " ";
+        node = node->next;
+    }
+}
+
+Node* kReverse(Node* &head, int k) {
+  
+    // base case
+    if(head == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    
+    Node* next = NULL;
+    Node* curr = head;
+    Node* prev = NULL;
+    int count= 0;
+    
+    while( curr != NULL && count < k ) {
+        next = curr -> next;
+        curr -> next = prev;
+        prev = curr;
+        curr = next;
+        count++;
+    }
+    
+    if(next != NULL) {
+        head -> next = kReverse(next,k);
+    }
+    return prev;
+}
+
+int main(){
+  Node* head=NULL;
+  Node* ans =head;
+  push(head,1);
+  push(head,2);
+  push(head,3);
+  push(head,4);
+  push(head,5);
+  push(head,6);
+  push(head,7);
+  push(head,8);
+  printList(head);
+  head = kReverse(head,3);
+  cout<<endl;
+  printList(head);
+}

algorithms/CPlusPlus/README.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 - [Sparse Matrix](Arrays/sparse_matrix.cpp)
 - [Balanced Parenthesis](Arrays/balanced-parenthesis.cpp)
 - [Find special index](Arrays/specialindex2.cpp)
-
+- [Largest and smallest number in an array](Arrays/Largest-smallest.cpp)
 
 ## Dynamic-Programming
 
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
 - [Segregate Even Odd Nodes of linked list](Linked-Lists/segregate-even-odd-nodes-of-linked-list.cpp)
 - [Remove Duplicate in Sorted linked list](Linked-Lists/remove-duplicates-in-sorted-linked-list.cpp)
 - [Reverse the linked list using stack](Linked-Lists/reverse-the-list-using-stack.cpp)
+- [Reverse the linked list in groups of K](Linked-Lists/reverse-the-list-in-groups-of-k.cpp)
 ## Searching
 
 - [Linear Search](Searching/linear-search.cpp)
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@
 - [Longest common prefix](Strings/longest-common-prefix.cpp)
 - [First unique character in the string](Strings/first-unique-character.cpp)
 - [Sliding Window to match target string](Strings/sliding-window.cpp)
+- [Reverse String Wordwise](Strings/ReverseTheStringWordwise.cpp)
 
 ## Trees
 
@@ -160,6 +162,7 @@
 - [Trie for searching](Trie/trie_search.cpp)
 - [Trie for insert search and prefix_search](Trie/trie_insert_search_startWith.cpp)
 - [Trie for delete](Trie/trie_delete.cpp)
+- [Find Words Matching Pattern Dictionary](Trie/find_all_words_matching_pattern_in_given_dictionary.cpp)
 
 # Maths
 
@@ -216,6 +219,8 @@
 ## Backtracking
 
 - [N-Queens Problem](Backtracking/n-queens.cpp)
+- [Rat In A Maze Problem](Backtracking/rat-in-a-maze-problem.cpp)
 
 ## Heaps
 - [Fibonacci Heap](Heap/fibonacci_heap.cpp)
+

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Strings/ReverseTheStringWordwise.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Description :- Given a string, the task is to reverse the order of the words in the given string. 
+// Example :-
+// Input 1:
+//    A = "the sky is blue"
+// Input 2:
+//    A = "this is ib"
+// Output 1:
+//    "blue is sky the"
+// Output 2:
+//    "ib is this"
+
+
+// Time Complexity = O(N), Space Complexity = O(N)
+
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+string solve(string s) {
+   vector<string>v;
+        string str="";
+        for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++){
+            if(s[i]!=' '){
+                str+=s[i];
+            }
+            else if(str!="" && s[i]==' '){
+                v.push_back(str);
+                str="";
+            }
+        }
+        if(str!=""){
+            v.push_back(str);
+        }
+        str="";
+        for(int i=v.size()-1;i>0;i--){
+                str+=v[i];
+                str+=' ';
+        }
+        str+=v[0];
+        return str;
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    string s;
+    getline(cin, s);
+    cout<<solve(s);
+    return 0;
+}

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Trie/find_all_words_matching_pattern_in_given_dictionary.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <string>
+using namespace std;
+ 
+// Data structure to store a Trie node
+struct TrieNode
+{
+    // each node stores a map to its child nodes
+    unordered_map<char, TrieNode*> map;
+ 
+    // true when the node is a leaf node
+    bool isLeaf = false;
+ 
+    // collection to store a complete list of words in the leaf node
+    unordered_set<string> word;
+};
+ 
+// Function to insert a string into a Trie
+void insert(TrieNode*& head, string word)
+{
+    if (head == nullptr) {
+        head = new TrieNode();
+    }
+ 
+    // start from the head node
+    TrieNode* curr = head;
+    for (char c: word)
+    {
+        // insert only uppercase characters
+        if (isupper(c))
+        {
+            // create a new node if the path doesn't exist
+            if (curr->map.find(c) == curr->map.end()) {
+                curr->map[c] = new TrieNode();
+            }
+ 
+            // go to the next node
+            curr = curr->map[c];
+        }
+    }
+ 
+    // mark the current node as a leaf
+    curr->isLeaf = true;
+ 
+    // push the current word into the set associated with a leaf node
+    (curr->word).insert(word);
+}
+ 
+// Function to print all children of a given Trie node
+void printAllWords(TrieNode* root)
+{
+    // if the current node is a leaf, print all words associated with it
+    if (root->isLeaf)
+    {
+        unordered_set<string> collection = root->word;
+        for (string s: collection) {
+            cout << s << endl;
+        }
+    }
+ 
+    // recur for all children of the root node
+    for (auto pair: root->map)
+    {
+        TrieNode* child = pair.second;
+        if (child) {
+            printAllWords(child);
+        }
+    }
+}
+ 
+// Function to print all words in the CamelCase dictionary, which
+// matches the given pattern
+void findAllWords(vector<string> const &dictionary, string pattern)
+{
+    // base case
+    if (dictionary.size() == 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+ 
+    // Trie head node
+    TrieNode* head = nullptr;
+ 
+    // construct a Trie from the given dictionary
+    for (string s: dictionary) {
+        insert(head, s);
+    }
+ 
+    // search for the given pattern in the Trie
+    TrieNode* curr = head;
+    for (char c: pattern)
+    {
+        // move to the child node
+        curr = curr->map[c];
+ 
+        // if the given pattern is not found (reached end of a path in the Trie)
+        if (curr == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+ 
+    // print all words matching the given pattern
+    printAllWords(curr);
+}
+ 
+int main()
+{
+    vector<string> dictionary {
+        "Hi", "HiTech", "HiTechCity", "Techie", "TechieDelight",
+        "Hello", "HelloWorld", "HiTechLab"
+    };
+ 
+    string pattern = "HT";
+ 
+    findAllWords(dictionary, pattern);
+ 
+    return 0;
+}

docs/en/Searching/Binary-Search.MD

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 1. Find the middle element of the array
 2. Check whether the key is equal to middle element if yes then return the index and exit the program
 3. If the 2 step didn't run then test whether the element is less than the middle element if yes then run the step: 1 between the start to middle-1 index 
-4. If the 3 step didn't run then test whether the element is high than the middle element if yes then run the step: 1 between the middle+1 to last index.
+4. If the 3 step didn't run then test whether the element is higher than the middle element if yes then run the step: 1 between the middle+1 to the last index.
 5. Run the loop till the starting index is less than end index
 6. If the loop over and data not found then return -1 that means data doesn't exist
 > **Note:** The array should be sorted in ascending to descending order
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ Element to search: **20**
 
 Procedure:
 
-Middle element:**30** and element is less then 30 so search between start to middle -1 index
+Middle element:**30** and element is less than 30 so search between start to middle -1 index
 
 Middle element: **20** and yes the middle element is the key to found so return the index=**1**
 

docs/en/Searching/Linear-Search.md

@@ -10,13 +10,20 @@ Linear search is usually very **simple to implement**.
 ## Steps/Algorithm: 
 **Linear Search( Array A, Value x)**
 
-Step 1: Set i to 1
+Step 1: Set i to 1  
-Step 2: if i > n then go to step 7
+
-Step 3: if A[i] = x then go to step 6
+Step 2: if i > n then go to step 7  
-Step 4: Set i to i + 1
+
-Step 5: Go to Step 2
+Step 3: if A[i] = x then go to step 6  
-Step 6: Print Element x Found at index i and go to step 8
+
-Step 7: Print element not found
+Step 4: Set i to i + 1  
+
+Step 5: Go to Step 2  
+
+Step 6: Print Element x Found at index i and go to step 8  
+
+Step 7: Print element not found  
+
 Step 8: Exit
 
 ## Pseudocode