Merge branch 'main' into my

.github/workflows/codespell.yml

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ jobs:
   codespell:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: 3.x
       - run: pip install codespell
       - run: codespell --ignore-words-list="ans,nnumber,nin,Hel" --quiet-level=2  --skip="**/**/package-lock.json,./docs/pt,./docs/es,./docs/tr,./.github,./algorithms/CSharp/test"

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Arrays/balanced-parenthesis.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+
+bool areBracketsBalanced (string expr) 
+{
+
+  stack < char >s;
+  char x;
+
+
+  // Traversing the Expression
+  for (int i = 0; i < expr.length (); i++)
+   if (expr[i] == '(' || expr[i] == '[' ||expr[i] == '{')
+  {
+   // Push the element in the stack
+   s.push (expr[i]);
+   continue;
+  }
+
+  // IF current current character is not opening
+  // bracket, then it must be closing. So stack
+  // cannot be empty at this point.
+ 
+  if (s.empty ()) 
+    return false;
+
+switch (expr[i])
+{
+
+ case ')': // Store the top element in a
+            x = s.top ();
+            s.pop ();
+
+  if (x == '{' || x == '[')
+   return false;
+
+   break;
+
+case '}': // Store the top element in b
+          x = s.top ();
+          s.pop ();
+   if (x == '(' || x == '[') 
+    return false;
+    break;
+case ']': x = s.top ();
+          s.pop ();
+  if (x == '(' || x == '{')
+     return false;
+     break;
+   }
+ }
+return (s.empty ());
+}
+// Driver code
+int main () 
+{
+  string expr = "{()}[]";
+ // Function call
+ if (areBracketsBalanced (expr))
+  cout << "Balanced";
+else
+  cout << "Not Balanced";
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// Output:-
+// Enter the brackets to check if its balanced or not : [{}] 
+// Balanced
+// Enter the brackets to check if its balanced or not : {]
+Not Balanced

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Arrays/max-subarray-sum.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ int maxSubArrSum_A(int a[],int n){
     return maxSum;
 }
 
-// Appraoch B - Cumulative Sum Approach O(n^2)
+// Approach B - Cumulative Sum Approach O(n^2)
 int maxSubArrSum_B(int a[],int n){
     int currSum[n+1]; currSum[0] = 0;
     for(int i=1;i<=n;++i){
@@ -66,4 +66,4 @@ int main(){
     cout<<maxSubArrSum_B(b,7)<<endl;
     cout<<maxSubArrSum_C(b,7)<<endl;
     return 0;
-}
+}

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Dynamic-Programming/rod-cutting.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+// Rod Cutting Problem
+// Given a rod of length n and a list of rod prices of length i, where 1 <= i <= n, find the optimal way to cut the rod into smaller rods to maximize profit.
+
+// Rod Cutting Optimal Approach
+//     We will solve this problem in a bottom-up manner. (iteratively)  
+//     In the bottom-up approach, we solve smaller subproblems first, then move on to larger subproblems.  
+//     The following bottom-up approach computes dp[i], which stores maximum profit achieved from the rod of length i from 1 to len. 
+//     It uses the value of smaller values i already computed.
+
+// Space complexity: O(n)
+// Time complexity: O(n^n)
+
+
+// Solution
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <climits>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+// Function to find the maximum revenue from cutting a rod of length (len)
+// where the rod of length (i) has cost (prices[i - 1])
+int RodCutting(vector<int> &prices, int len)
+{
+    // (dp) stores the maximum revenue achieved from cutting a rod of length (from 1 to len)
+    vector<int> dp(len + 1, 0);
+    // If the rod length is negative (invalid) or zero there's no revenue from it
+    if (len <= 0)
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    // Cut a rod of length (i)
+    for (int i = 1; i <= len; i++)
+    {
+        // divide the rod of length (i) into two rods of lengths (j) and (i - j)
+        // and store the maximum revenue
+        for (int j = 0; j < i; j++)
+        {
+            // (dp[i]) stores the maximum revenue achieved from cutting a rod of length (i)
+            dp[i] = max(dp[i], prices[j] + dp[i - j - 1]);
+        }
+    }
+    // (dp[len]) contains the maximum revenue from cutting a rod of length (len)
+    return dp[len];
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+    int len;
+    cout << "Enter the rod length :";
+    cin >> len;
+
+    vector<int> prices(len);
+    for (int i = 1; i <= len; i++)
+    {
+        cout << "Enter the price of the rod of length " << i << " :";
+        cin >> prices[i - 1];
+    }
+
+    cout << "Maximum revenue = " << RodCutting(prices, len);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+// Input and output:
+// 1. prices[] = [1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 17, 17, 20]  
+//        rod length = 4  
+//        Best: Cut the rod into two pieces of length 2 each to gain revenue of 5 + 5 = 10
+       
+//     2. prices[] = [1, 5, 8, 9, 10, 17, 17, 20]
+//        rod length = 8
+//        Best: Cut the rod into two pieces of length 2 and 6 to gain revenue of 5 + 17 = 22
+       
+//     3. prices[] = [3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 17, 17, 20]
+//        rod length = 8
+//        Best: Cut the rod into eight pieces of length 1 to gain revenue of 8 * 3 = 24

algorithms/CPlusPlus/README.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 - [Next permutation](Arrays/next-permutation.cpp)
 - [Maximum Minimum Average of numbers](Arrays/max-min-avg.cpp)
 - [Sparse Matrix](Arrays/sparse_matrix.cpp)
-
+- [Balanced Parenthesis](Arrays/balanced-parenthesis.cpp)
 
 
 ## Dynamic-Programming
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@
 - [Matrix chain Multiplication](Dynamic-Programming/matrix-chain-multiplication.cpp)
 - [Edit Distance](Dynamic-Programming/edit-distance.cpp)
 - [Fibonacci](Dynamic-Programming/fibonacci.cpp)
+- [Rod Cutting](Dynamic-Programming/rod-cutting.cpp)
 
 ## Graphs
 
@@ -156,7 +157,7 @@
 ## Trie
 
 - [Trie for searching](Trie/trie_search.cpp)
-- [Trie for insert search and prefix_search](Trie/trie_startWith.cpp)
+- [Trie for prefix_search](Trie/trie_startWith.cpp)
 - [Trie for delete](Trie/trie_delete.cpp)
 
 # Maths

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Trie/trie_insert_search_startWith.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include<bits/stdc++.h>
+using namespace std;
+typedef long long ll;
+#define inf 1e9;
+#define inf2 2e18;
+
+
+
+struct custom_hash {
+   static uint64_t splitmix64(uint64_t x) { x += 0x9e3779b97f4a7c15; x = (x ^ (x >> 30)) * 0xbf58476d1ce4e5b9; x = (x ^ (x >> 27)) * 0x94d049bb133111eb; return x ^ (x >> 31);}
+   size_t operator()(uint64_t x) const { static const uint64_t FIXED_RANDOM = chrono::steady_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count(); return splitmix64(x + FIXED_RANDOM); }
+};
+
+
+
+struct TrieNode{ TrieNode* child[26]; bool isEnd;
+    TrieNode(){ isEnd = false; for(int i = 0; i<26; i++){ child[i] = NULL; } }
+};
+struct TrieNode* rootTrie;
+void addTrie(string& s){ TrieNode* curr = rootTrie; for(int i = 0; i<s.length(); i++){ int n = s[i] - 'a';if(curr->child[n] == NULL){curr->child[n] = new TrieNode();} curr = curr->child[n]; } curr->isEnd = true; }
+bool searchTrie(string& s){TrieNode* curr = rootTrie;for(int i = 0; i<s.length(); i++){int n = s[i] - 'a';if(!curr->child[n]) return false;curr = curr->child[n];}return curr->isEnd;}
+bool startsWithTrie(string s) {int n = s.length();TrieNode* curr = rootTrie;for(int i  =0 ; i<n; i++){int k = s[i] - 'a';if(curr->child[k] == NULL) return false;curr = curr->child[k];}return true;}
+
+
+
+int main(){
+//Jai Shree Ram
+    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
+    cin.tie(NULL);
+    
+    string keys[] = {"the", "a", "there", "answer", "any", "by", "bye", "their" };
+    int n = sizeof(keys)/sizeof(keys[0]);
+    struct TrieNode *root = getNode();
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) insert(root, keys[i]);
+ 
+    char output[][32] = {"Not present in trie", "Present in trie"};
+ 
+    cout<<"the"<<" --- "<<output[search(root, "the")]<<endl;
+    cout<<"these"<<" --- "<<output[search(root, "these")]<<endl;
+    cout<<"their"<<" --- "<<output[search(root, "their")]<<endl;
+    cout<<"thaw"<<" --- "<<output[search(root, "thaw")]<<endl;
+    return 0;
+}

algorithms/JavaScript/README.md

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 ## Arrays
 
 - [Counting Inversions](src/arrays/counting-inversions.js)
+- [Single Occurring Element](src/arrays/single-occurring-element.js)
 
 ## Linked Lists
 

algorithms/JavaScript/src/arrays/single-occurring-element.js

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Problem: Given an array of integers,
+// every element appears twice except for one. Find that single one.
+// Space Complexity: O(1)
+// Time Complexity: O(n)
+
+function singleOccurringElement(arr) {
+  let result = 0;
+  for (const el of arr) {
+    result ^= el;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+const arr = [2, 5, 7, 3, 1, 8, 8, 9, 4, 2, 7, 1, 4, 9, 5];
+console.log(singleOccurringElement(arr));
+
+// Input: [2, 5, 7, 3, 1, 8, 8, 9, 4, 2, 7, 1, 4, 9, 5]
+// Output: 3

algorithms/JavaScript/src/index.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Arrays
 require('./arrays/counting-inversions');
+require('./arrays/single-occurring-element');
 
 // Linked Lists
 require('./linked-lists/singly');

algorithms/Python/README.md

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 - [Missing Number](arrays/missing_number.py)
 - [Remove duplicate items](arrays/remove_duplicates_list.py)
 - [Dutch National Flag Algorithm](arrays/dutch_national_flag_algo.py)
+- [Max Sub Array Sum](arrays/max_sub_array_sum.py)
 
 ## Linked Lists
 - [Doubly](linked_lists/doubly.py)

algorithms/Python/arrays/max_sub_array_sum.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""
+Algorithm Name: Max Sum of Sub Array
+Time Complexity: O(n)
+Explanation: arr = [3, 2, -4, 9]
+at the start of the algorithm
+assign current sum (max_sum_curr) = max sum(max_sum) = arr[0]
+(for) iterate from arr[1] to arr[n] and do
+  max_sum_curr = arr[i] if arr[i] > arr[i] + max_sum_curr
+  else 
+  max_sum_curr = max_sum_curr + arr[i]
+  max_sum = max_sum if max_sum > max_sum_curr
+  else 
+  max_sum = max_sum_curr
+end
+return max_sum
+"""
+
+def max_sub_arr_sum(arr): 
+    arr_size = len(arr)
+    max_sum = arr[0]
+    max_sum_curr = arr[0]
+     
+    for i in range(1, arr_size):
+        max_sum_curr = max(arr[i], max_sum_curr + arr[i])
+        max_sum = max(max_sum, max_sum_curr)
+         
+    return max_sum
+    
+
+# print("Enter array of numbers (Ex: 1 2 3 4 for [1, 2, 3, 4])")
+arr = [3, 2, -4, 9] # list(map(int, input().split()))
+print("Maximum Sub Array Sum is", max_sub_arr_sum(arr))

docs/en/README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,17 @@
 # Algorithms
 
+## Backtracking
+- [N-Queens](./Backtracking/N-Queens.md)
+
 ## Lists
 - [Singly linked list](./Lists/singly-linked-list.md)
 - [Doubly linked list](./Lists/doubly-linked-list.md)
 
-## Sorting
+## Searching
+- [Binary Search](./Searching/Binary-Search.MD)
+- [Linear Search](./Searching/Linear-Search.md)
 
+## Sorting
 - [Bubble Sort](./Sorting/Bubble-Sort.md)
 - [Merge Sort](./Sorting/Merge-Sort.md)
 - [Selection Sort](./Sorting/Selection-Sort.md)
@@ -13,16 +19,13 @@
 - [Heap Sort](./Sorting/Heap-Sort.md)
 - [Quick Sort](./Sorting/Quick-Sort.md)
 - [Cycle Sort](./Sorting/Cycle-Sort.md)
+- [Radix Sort](./Sorting/Radix-Sort.md)
 
 ## Strings
-
 - [Palindrome](./Strings/Palindrome.md)
 
-## Searching
+## Tree
-
+- [Min Heap](./Tree/min-heap.md)
-- [Binary Search](./Searching/Binary-Search.MD)
-- [Linear Search](./Searching/Linear-Search.md)
 
 ## Others
-
 [How to add new algorithm documentation?](./CONTRIBUTING.md)