chore(CPlusPlus): added search insert position (#508)

Co-authored-by: Rahul Rajeev Pillai <66192267+Ashborn-SM@users.noreply.github.com>

algorithms/CPlusPlus/Arrays/search-insert-position.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+/*
+Description: Given a sorted array of distinct integers and a target value, 
+return the index if the target is found. If not, return the index where it
+would be if it were inserted in order.
+
+Approach: Using Binary search to solve in least time complexity.
+
+Time Complexity: O(log n)
+*/
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+//function 
+int searchInsert(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
+    //starting index
+    int start=0;
+    //ending index
+    int end=nums.size()-1;
+    while(start<=end){
+        //calculating mid element
+        int mid = start + (end-start)/2;
+        //if target found, return the index
+        if(nums[mid]==target){
+            return mid;
+        }
+        if(nums[mid]>target){
+             end=mid-1;
+        }
+        else{
+            start=mid+1;
+       }
+    }
+    //returning end+1 so that we can get the index where the target element can be inserted
+    return end+1;
+        
+}
+
+//main starts
+int main() {
+    cout << "Enter number of elements in the array\n";
+    int n;
+    cin>>n;
+    cout<<"Enter the array elements\n";
+    vector<int> nums(n);
+    for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
+        cin>>nums[i];
+    }
+    cout<<"Enter the target element\n";
+    int target;
+    cin>>target;
+    cout<<"The target element can be inserted at: "<<searchInsert(nums,target);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+Example 1
+Input: nums = [1,3,5,6], target = 5
+Output: 2
+(Since the target element is present it will return its index)
+
+Example 2:
+Input: nums = [1,3,5,6], target = 2
+Output: 1
+(Since the target element is not present in the nums array, it will return the position where the target element can be inserted)
+We can insert 2 at position 1 - [1,2,3,5,6]
+
+*/

algorithms/CPlusPlus/README.md

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 14. [Maximum Difference](Arrays/maximum-difference.cpp)
 15. [Occurrence of one in sorted array](Arrays/occurence-of-one-in-sorted-array.cpp)
 16. [Segregate 0s and 1s](Arrays/segregate-0-and-1.cpp)
+17. [Search insert position](Arrays/search-insert-position.cpp)
 
 ## Dynamic-Programming
 
@@ -123,11 +124,11 @@
 3. [Prime Sieve](Maths/prime-sieve.cpp)
 4. [Fibonacci Series](Maths/fibonaccci-series.cpp)
 5. [Binomial Coefficient](Maths/binomial-coefficient.cpp)
-5. [Armstrong Number](Maths/armstrong.cpp)
+6. [Armstrong Number](Maths/armstrong.cpp)
-6. [Palindrome](Maths/palindrome.cpp)
+7. [Palindrome](Maths/palindrome.cpp)
-7. [Reverse digit of a number](Maths/reverse-digits.cpp)
+8. [Reverse digit of a number](Maths/reverse-digits.cpp)
-8. [Missing number](Maths/missing-number.cpp)
+9. [Missing number](Maths/missing-number.cpp)
-9. [Factorial of a number](Maths/factorial.cpp)
+10. [Factorial of a number](Maths/factorial.cpp)
 
 # Recursion