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@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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## Wiring termination
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The simplest NIDs are essentially just a specialized set of wiring [terminals](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics) "Terminal (electronics)"). These will typically take the form of a small, weather-proof box, mounted on the outside of the building. The [telephone line](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_line "Telephone line") from the [telephone company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_company "Telephone company") will enter the NID and be connected to one side. The customer connects their wiring to the other side. A single NID enclosure may contain termination for a single line or multiple lines.
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In its role as the demarcation point (dividing line), the NID separates the telephone company's equipment from the customer's wiring and equipment. The telephone company owns the NID itself, and all wiring up to it. Anything past the NID is the customer's responsibility. To facilitate this, there is typically a test jack inside the NID. Accessing the test jack disconnects the customer premises wiring from the [public switched telephone network](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network "Public switched telephone network") and allows the customer to plug a "known good" [telephone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone "Telephone") into the jack to isolate trouble.
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If the telephone works at the test jack, the problem is the customer's wiring, and the customer is responsible for repair. If the telephone does not work, the line is faulty and the telephone company is responsible for repair.
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Most NIDs also include "circuit protectors", which are [surge protectors](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surge_protector "Surge protector") for a telephone line. They protect customer wiring, equipment, and personnel from any transient [energy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy "Energy") on the line, such as from a [lightning](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning "Lightning") strike to a [telephone pole](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_pole "Telephone pole").
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Simple NIDs contain no [digital logic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_logic "Digital logic"); they are "dumb" devices. They have no capabilities beyond wiring termination, circuit protection, and providing a place to connect test equipment.
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## Optical network terminals
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[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tellabs_ONT611_inside.jpeg)
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An optical network terminal mounted to the outside of a building, with the cover open
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In fiber-to-the-premises systems, the signal is transmitted to the customer premises using [fiber optic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber_optic "Fiber optic") technologies. Unlike many conventional telephone technologies, this does not provide power for premises equipment, nor is it suitable for direct connection to customer equipment. An **optical network terminal** (**ONT**, an [ITU-T](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-T "ITU-T") term), also known as an **optical network unit** (**ONU**, an [IEEE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE "IEEE") term), is used to terminate the fiber optic line, [demultiplex](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexing "Multiplexing") the signal into its component parts (voice [telephone](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone "Telephone"), [television](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television "Television"), and [Internet access](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_access "Internet access")), and provide power to customer telephones. As the ONT must derive its power from the customer premises electrical supply, many ONTs have the option for a [battery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) "Battery (electricity)") backup in order to maintain service in the event of a [power outage](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_outage "Power outage").[[2]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_device#cite_note-whatont-2) These terminals are used in both [active optical networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_optical_network "Active optical network") and [passive optical networks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive_optical_network "Passive optical network").
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-
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---
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#### Used by Ting Internet:
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In May 2016, Ting Internet launched the _Bring Your Own Router_ option, allowing customers to use Ting's [optical network terminal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_network_terminal "Optical network terminal") at no additional cost, while pairing it with their own third party router
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## Smartjack
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[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Network_Interface_Unit.jpg)
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Three smartjacks for [T-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signal_1 "Digital Signal 1") circuits, in two shelves; a [66 block](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/66_block "66 block") is on the left
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Several types of NIDs provide more than just a terminal for the connection of wiring. Such NIDs are colloquially called _smartjacks_ or [Intelligent Network Interface Devices](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Network_Interface_Device "Intelligent Network Interface Device") (INIDs) as an indication of their built-in "intelligence", as opposed to a simple NID, which is just a wiring device. Smartjacks are typically used for more complicated types of telecommunications service, such as [T1 lines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Signal_1 "Digital Signal 1"). [Plain old telephone service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plain_old_telephone_service "Plain old telephone service") lines generally cannot be equipped with smartjacks.
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Despite the name, most smartjacks are much more than a simple [telephone jack](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_jack "Telephone jack"). One common form for a smartjack is a [printed circuit board](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printed_circuit_board "Printed circuit board") with a face plate on one edge, mounted in an enclosure.
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---
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A smartjack may provide signal conversion, converting codes and protocols (e.g. framing types) to the type needed by the customer equipment. It may buffer and/or regenerate the signal, to compensate for signal degradation from line transmission, similar to what a [repeater](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeater "Repeater") does.
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Smartjacks also typically provide diagnostic capabilities. A very common capability provided by a smartjack is [loopback](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loopback "Loopback"), such that the signal from the telephone company is transmitted back to the telephone company. This allows the company to test the line from the central [telephone exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange "Telephone exchange"), without the need to have test equipment at the customer site. The telephone company usually has the ability to remotely activate loopback, without even needing personnel at the customer site. When looped back, the customer equipment is disconnected from the line.
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Additional smartjack diagnostic capabilities include [alarm indication signal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alarm_indication_signal "Alarm indication signal"), which reports trouble at one end of the line to the far end. This helps the telephone company know if trouble is present in the line, the smartjack, or customer equipment. Indicator lights to show configuration, status, and alarms are also common.
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Smartjacks typically derive their operating power from the telephone line, rather than relying on premises electrical power, although this is not a universal rule.
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---
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> I respect your right to privacy! There are no trackers or cookies on this entire site other than this cute website counter for each unique visitor who stops by.
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Welcome. Ny name is Shwetha! I love Star Wars, Digimon, Sailor Moon, & Neopets - the virtual world in which I grew up playing in as a kid and which we seemingly continue to live in today. :-)
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Here is a [[Resume-ish - my occupations| resume-ish of stuff about me ]] which I will better organize later.
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@ -18,3 +16,8 @@ This is where all of neo-notes are hosted. My[ git server lives here as well](h
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---
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You resist the curiosity and choose to leave. Goodbye!
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> I respect your right to privacy! There are no trackers or cookies on this entire site other than this cute website counter for each unique visitor who stops by.
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Due to my commitment to community service, I am typically always un-financially wealthy. [Consider buying me a coffee. ](https://www.buymeacoffee.com/shwetha)
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