Updated: Wednesday, September 27,2023-09-27 13:50:35

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Shwetha Jayaraj 2023-09-27 13:50:40 -04:00
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Learning together with others is the best way to learn anything quite frankly. Thus choosing a good community is crucial.
- The Ham Stack exchange - https://ham.stackexchange.com
- Hack Manhattan K2HMH - https://hackmanhattan.com
- Groups.io Amateur Radio - https://groups.io/g/AmateurRadio
Amateur Radio nights are on Tuesdays 6-7 pm :)

View File

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GNU Radio has been compiled and installed on OSX 10.4 ("Tiger") through 10.15 ("Catalina") running any compatible version of Xcode on all recent and many older Macs -- whether Intel or PowerPC/PPC. There is very little support for getting the background libraries and applications installed on OSX 10.5 or earlier, nor 32-bit Intel or any PPC, though all of these should be possible. Primary support is for 64-bit Intel-based Macs running OSX 10.6 or newer.For MacOS Intel Chip we must install with the radioconda installer.
The recommended way to install gnuradio on mac is through MacPorts (which I love!)
```
sudo port install gnuradio
```
This method of installing GNU Radio is actively kept up to date by [Michael Dickens](http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/discuss-gnuradio/2013-08/msg00372.html), and hence is the recommended way to install GNU Radio on Mac OS X.
---
###### [Why use conda?](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=CondaInstall) (Full RadioConda Install Instructions)
Conda is a cross-platform package manager (supporting Linux, macOS, and Windows) that makes it easy to install GNU Radio, its dependencies, and out-of-tree modules in a self-contained environment. Conda lets you create independent environments with their own sets of packages, and those environments are separate from your system installation and other package managers. If you've struggled with installing GNU Radio by other methods, you want to use GNU Radio with other bleeding-edge software available through conda-forge, or you want to try out a new version without affecting your tried-and-true system installation, conda may be right for you! In addition to GNU Radio, there are also [related software packages](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=CondaInstall#Installing_related_software "CondaInstall") you can install that may be of interest.
Installation instructions are found [here](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php/InstallingGR). The github repo is found [here](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda).
This will create the radioconda package in your local directory.
---
[Fink](http://fink.sourceforge.net/)might provide a simple way to install GNU Radio; it isuntested (as of early 2020). Conda through [conda-forge](https://conda-forge.org/) is another alternative for installing pre-built binaries; see [the conda install guide](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=CondaInstall "CondaInstall").
#### From Source
###### Background Dependencies
There are a number of background libraries and applications that must be installed from source or binary in order to compile or execute GNU Radio. These can be obtained by using [MacPorts](http://www.macports.org/), [Fink](http://fink.sourceforge.net/), [HomeBrew](http://brew.sh/), and/or from source / scratch. MacPorts tends to be more up-to-date with respect to new releases, which can be both a blessing and a curse since sometimes new released are untested and result in build or runtime errors. MacPorts, HomeBrew, and Fink offer thousands of ready-to-install libraries and applications, and hence they are highly recommended to use instead of installing from source / scratch.
NOTE: We highly recommended that you install all dependencies via the same package manager! When issues arise, they are much easier to track down, and your updating to newer versions is also much easier.
Many GNU Radio developers first install GNU Radio using MacPorts in order to get all of the necessary background dependencies installed, then remove just GNU Radio via
```
sudo port uninstall gnuradio
```
---
#### Compiling GNU Radio using Kate Temkins build script
Kate Temkin's GitHub repository [gnuradio-for-mac-without-macports](https://github.com/ktemkin/gnuradio-for-mac-without-macports) provides a build script that automate the entire process of building and installing GNUradio, it's dependencies, and a number of SDR hardware backends.
---
After Installing, what do you do?? --> Next is [Tutorials](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=Tutorials).

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All tutorials are found on the GNU radio wiki [here](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=Tutorials). Ones of interest to me are:
- [Your First FlowGraph ](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=Your_First_Flowgraph)
- [Python Block with Vectors](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=Python_Block_with_Vectors)
- [Using GNURadio with SDR](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=Guided_Tutorial_Hardware_Considerations)
- IQ & Complex Signals
- [VOLK: What it is & Why it Rocks](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=VOLK_Guide)

View File

@ -6,11 +6,10 @@
The GNU Radio software provides the framework and tools to build and run software radio or just general signal-processing applications. The GNU Radio applications themselves are generally known as "flowgraphs", which are a series of signal processing blocks connected together, thus describing a data flow.- via [Wiki](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Radio)
[Getting Started with Installation ](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php/InstallingGR)
- [Getting Started with Installation ](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php/InstallingGR)
- [Why use CondaInstall?](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php/CondaInstall#Building_OOT_modules_to_use_with_conda-installed_GNU_Radio) wiki
## Resources
- Wiki.GNURadio.org has so many resources!
- For instance - this [Python Block Message Passing ](https://wiki.gnuradio.org/index.php?title=Python_Block_Message_Passing) guide
-
- There is a dedicated chatroom! For all [GNURadio questions](https://app.element.io/#/room/#HamRadio:gnuradio.org) to ask directly.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
Radiconda is a Software radio distribution and installer for conda.
There are many things you can do with Radio Conda.
##### the README info for [radioconda](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/tree/main)
---
This repository holds cross-platform installers for a collection of open source **software radio** packages bundled with the [conda](https://conda.io/) package manager, including
- Digital RF
- GNU Radio (including an increasing list of out-of-tree modules)
- gqrx
- inspectrum
and support for the following SDR devices and device libraries:
| Device | Library |
| :--------------------------: | :-------------------------------------------: |
| [ADALM-PLUTO][1] | libiio ([setup](#iio-pluto-sdr)) |
| [Airspy R2/Mini/HF+][2] | airspy/airspyhf ([setup](#airspy-r2-mini-hf)) |
| [BladeRF][3] | bladeRF ([setup](#bladerf)) |
| [Ettus USRPs][4] | UHD ([setup](#uhd-ettus-usrp)) |
| [HackRF][5] | HackRF ([setup](#hackrf)) |
| [LimeSDR][6] | Lime Suite ([setup](#limesdr)) |
| [Red Pitaya][7] | SoapyRedPitaya |
| [RFSpace/NetSDR/CloudSDR][8] | SoapyNetSDR |
| [RTL-SDR][9] | rtl-sdr ([setup](#rtl-sdr)) |
| Sound Card / Audio devices | SoapyAudio |
[1]: https://www.analog.com/en/design-center/evaluation-hardware-and-software/evaluation-boards-kits/adalm-pluto.html
[2]: https://airspy.com/
[3]: https://www.nuand.com/
[4]: https://www.ettus.com/products/
[5]: https://greatscottgadgets.com/hackrf/
[6]: https://limemicro.com/products/boards/
[7]: https://redpitaya.com/
[8]: http://www.rfspace.com/RFSPACE/Home.html
[9]: https://www.rtl-sdr.com/buy-rtl-sdr-dvb-t-dongles/
The complete list of packages can be found [here](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/blob/master/radioconda.yaml). You can [**suggest additional software to include**](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/issues) by filing an [issue](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/issues). If you've built additional software from source on top of radioconda, [**document your results**](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/issues) in an [issue](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/issues) to help others (and help me in packaging it!).
Once installed, you will have a fully functional conda distribution/environment, meaning that you can use the `conda` or `mamba` commands to install additional packages (if available through [conda-forge](https://conda-forge.org/feedstock-outputs)) or upgrade to the latest versions. Think of radioconda as an alternative to [Anaconda](https://www.anaconda.com/products/individual) or [Miniforge](https://github.com/conda-forge/miniforge), but specialized for software radio.
**NOTE:** Radioconda is built from packages maintained by the [conda-forge](https://conda-forge.org/) project. If you have questions or issues that are specific to the conda installation of a particular package, please report them at the corresponding [feedstock repository](https://github.com/conda-forge/feedstocks).
## Download
Radioconda installers are available here: https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/releases.
| OS | Architecture | Installer Type | Download |
| ------- | ------------------------- | -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Linux | x86_64 (amd64) | Command-line | [radioconda-Linux-x86_64.sh](https://glare-sable.vercel.app/ryanvolz/radioconda/radioconda-.*-Linux-x86_64.sh) |
| Linux | aarch64 (arm64) | Command-line | [radioconda-Linux-aarch64.sh](https://glare-sable.vercel.app/ryanvolz/radioconda/radioconda-.*-Linux-aarch64.sh) |
| Linux | ppc64le (POWER8/9) | Command-line | [radioconda-Linux-ppc64le.sh](https://glare-sable.vercel.app/ryanvolz/radioconda/radioconda-.*-Linux-ppc64le.sh) |
| macOS | x86_64 (Intel) | Command-line | [radioconda-MacOSX-x86_64.sh](https://glare-sable.vercel.app/ryanvolz/radioconda/radioconda-.*-MacOSX-x86_64.sh) |
| macOS | x86_64 (Intel) | Graphical | [radioconda-MacOSX-x86_64.pkg](https://glare-sable.vercel.app/ryanvolz/radioconda/radioconda-.*-MacOSX-x86_64.pkg) |
| macOS | arm64 (Apple Silicon)[^1] | Command-line | [radioconda-MacOSX-arm64.sh](https://glare-sable.vercel.app/ryanvolz/radioconda/radioconda-.*-MacOSX-arm64.sh) |
| macOS | arm64 (Apple Silicon)[^1] | Graphical | [radioconda-MacOSX-arm64.pkg](https://glare-sable.vercel.app/ryanvolz/radioconda/radioconda-.*-MacOSX-arm64.pkg) |
| Windows | x86_64 (amd64) | Graphical | [radioconda-Windows-x86_64.exe](https://glare-sable.vercel.app/ryanvolz/radioconda/radioconda-.*-Windows-x86_64.exe) |
[^1]: Apple silicon builds are experimental and haven't had testing like the other platforms.
## Install
For a command line install, download the installer and run:
bash radioconda-*-Linux-x86_64.sh # or similar for other installers for unix platforms
For a graphical install, download the installer and double-click it.
If you already have conda/mamba, you can skip the installer and create a new environment with all of the radioconda packages by running:
conda create -n radioconda -c conda-forge -c ryanvolz --only-deps radioconda
See [below](#additional-installation-for-device-support) for additional installation steps for particular software radio devices.
### Non-interactive install
For non-interactive usage, look at the options by running the following:
bash radioconda-*-Linux-x86_64.sh -h # or similar for other installers for unix platforms
or if you are on Windows, run:
start /wait "" build/radioconda-<VERSION>-Windows-x86_64.exe /InstallationType=JustMe /RegisterPython=0 /S /D=%UserProfile%\radioconda
## Use
You will mostly use radioconda through the command line, although on Windows some applications will install shortcuts to the Start menu.
### Windows
Launch a terminal by running "Conda Prompt" in the "radioconda" directory in the Start menu. From this command line, you can run `mamba` to install/upgrade packages or run any of the applications installed with radioconda. Some applications can also be launched through shortcuts added to the Start menu.
### Linux and macOS
Launch your favorite terminal. Depending on the options you chose while installing, you may or may not already have the radioconda "base" environment activated automatically (you will see "(base)" on your command line prompt). To otherwise activate the radioconda "base" environment, run:
conda activate base
If this fails because the `conda` command is not found, you can activate the environment manually by running
sh <PATH_TO_RADIOCONDA>/bin/activate
From an activated environment, you will be able to run `mamba` to install/upgrade packages or run any of the applications installed with radioconda.
### Installing packages
To install a particular package:
mamba install <pkg-name>
## Upgrade
Once you have radioconda installed, you can stay up to date for all packages with:
mamba upgrade --all
### Upgrade to latest release
To install the latest release in particular, run
(on Windows):
mamba install --file https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/releases/latest/download/radioconda-win-64.lock
(on Linux/macOS):
mamba install --file https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/releases/latest/download/radioconda-$(conda info | sed -n -e 's/^.*platform : //p').lock
### Install a particular release
To install a particular release version, substitute the desired version number and run
(on Windows):
mamba install --file https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/releases/download/20NN.NN.NN/radioconda-win-64.lock
(on Linux/macOS):
mamba install --file https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/releases/download/20NN.NN.NN/radioconda-$(conda info | sed -n -e 's/^.*platform : //p').lock
### Install from radioconda metapackage
If you're starting with a fresh environment or are comfortable dealing with package conflicts, you can install the latest release using the `radioconda` metapackage from the `ryanvolz` channel:
mamba install -c conda-forge -c ryanvolz --only-deps radioconda
(It is necessary to specify the `conda-forge` channel first, even if it is your default channel, so that the `ryanvolz` channel does not take priority.)
To install a particular release version, substitute the desired version number and run
mamba install -c conda-forge -c ryanvolz --only-deps radioconda=20NN.NN.NN
## Additional Installation for Device Support
To use particular software radio devices, it might be necessary to install additional drivers or firmware. Find your device below and follow the instructions. (Help add to this section by filing an issue if the instructions don't work or you have additional instructions to add!)
### RTL-SDR
##### Windows users
[Install the WinUSB driver with Zadig](#installing-the-winusb-driver-with-zadig), selecting the device that is called "Bulk-In, Interface (Interface 0)".
##### Linux users
Blacklist the DVB-T modules that would otherwise claim the device:
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/etc/modprobe.d/rtl-sdr-blacklist.conf /etc/modprobe.d/radioconda-rtl-sdr-blacklist.conf
sudo modprobe -r $(cat $CONDA_PREFIX/etc/modprobe.d/rtl-sdr-blacklist.conf | sed -n -e 's/^blacklist //p')
Install a udev rule by creating a link into your radioconda installation:
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/rtl-sdr.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/radioconda-rtl-sdr.rules
sudo udevadm control --reload
sudo udevadm trigger
### IIO (Pluto SDR)
##### Windows users
Install the latest USB drivers by download and installing [this file](https://github.com/analogdevicesinc/plutosdr-m2k-drivers-win/releases/latest/download/PlutoSDR-M2k-USB-Drivers.exe).
##### Linux users
Install a udev rule by creating a link into your radioconda installation:
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/90-libiio.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/90-radioconda-libiio.rules
sudo udevadm control --reload
sudo udevadm trigger
##### All users
Once you can talk to the hardware (by following the instructions below), you may want to perform the post-install steps detailed on the [Pluto users wiki](https://wiki.analog.com/university/tools/pluto/users).
### Airspy (R2, Mini, HF+)
##### Windows users
The WinUSB driver for your device will most likely be installed automatically, and in that case there is no additional setup. If for some reason the driver is not installed and the device is not recognized, [install the WinUSB driver with Zadig](#installing-the-winusb-driver-with-zadig), selecting your Airspy device.
##### Linux users
Install a udev rule by creating a link into your radioconda installation:
# run the next line only for the Airspy R2 or Mini
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/52-airspy.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/52-radioconda-airspy.rules
# run the next line only for the Airspy HF+
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/52-airspyhf.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/52-radioconda-airspyhf.rules
sudo udevadm control --reload
sudo udevadm trigger
Then, make sure your user account belongs to the plugdev group in order to be able to access your device:
sudo usermod -a -G plugdev <user>
You may have to restart for this change to take effect.
### HackRF
##### Windows users
[Install the WinUSB driver with Zadig](#installing-the-winusb-driver-with-zadig), selecting your HackRF device.
##### Linux users
Install a udev rule by creating a link into your radioconda installation:
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/53-hackrf.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/53-radioconda-hackrf.rules
sudo udevadm control --reload
sudo udevadm trigger
Then, make sure your user account belongs to the plugdev group in order to be able to access your device:
sudo usermod -a -G plugdev <user>
You may have to restart for this change to take effect.
### BladeRF
##### Windows users
[Install the WinUSB driver with Zadig](#installing-the-winusb-driver-with-zadig), selecting your BladeRF device.
##### Linux users
Install a udev rule by creating a link into your radioconda installation:
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/88-nuand-bladerf1.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/88-radioconda-nuand-bladerf1.rules
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/88-nuand-bladerf2.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/88-radioconda-nuand-bladerf2.rules
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/88-nuand-bootloader.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/88-radioconda-nuand-bootloader.rules
sudo udevadm control --reload
sudo udevadm trigger
Then, make sure your user account belongs to the plugdev group in order to be able to access your device:
sudo usermod -a -G plugdev <user>
You may have to restart for this change to take effect.
### LimeSDR
##### Windows users
The conda-forge package uses libusb to communicate over USB with your LimeSDR device, instead of the standard CyUSB library which is not open source. If you have used your LimeSDR with another software package, you will have to switch USB drivers to one compatible with WinUSB/libusb.
[Install the WinUSB driver with Zadig](#installing-the-winusb-driver-with-zadig), selecting your Lime device.
##### Linux users
Install a udev rule by creating a link into your radioconda installation:
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/udev/rules.d/64-limesuite.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/64-radioconda-limesuite.rules
sudo udevadm control --reload
sudo udevadm trigger
### UHD (Ettus USRP)
#### All devices
Download the firmware files by activating your conda prompt and running
uhd_images_downloader
#### USB devices (e.g. B series)
##### Windows users
You probably have to install a USB driver for the device. Follow the instructions [from the Ettus site](https://files.ettus.com/manual/page_transport.html#transport_usb_installwin), or [install the WinUSB driver with Zadig](#installing-the-winusb-driver-with-zadig) (your device will have a USB ID that starts with 2500 or 3923).
##### Linux users
Install a udev rule by creating a link into your radioconda installation:
sudo ln -s $CONDA_PREFIX/lib/uhd/utils/uhd-usrp.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/radioconda-uhd-usrp.rules
sudo udevadm control --reload
sudo udevadm trigger
## Installing the WinUSB driver with Zadig
Many USB devices use libusb and need a WinUSB driver installed on Windows. Follow this procedure to install the driver for your device:
1. Download and run [Zadig](https://zadig.akeo.ie/)
2. Select your device
- It may be auto-selected since it is missing a driver
- It may not have a sensible name, but you can verify the USB ID
3. Ensure the target driver (middle of the interface) reads "WinUSB"
4. Click "Install Driver" or "Replace Driver"
## Developers
### Usage
Each installer package is built from a specification directory in [installer_specs](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/tree/master/installer_specs) using [conda constructor](https://github.com/conda/constructor). An installer can be built manually using the [build_installer.py](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/blob/master/build_installer.py) script. The specification directories set the exact versions of the included packages so that `constructor` will produce a predictable result that can be tracked by git for each release. In turn, the specification directories are created/updated by _re-rendering_ the radioconda [environment specification file](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/blob/master/radioconda.yaml) using the [rerender.py](https://github.com/ryanvolz/radioconda/blob/master/rerender.py) script.
So, the procedure to create a new installer package is:
1. Update the environment specification file `radioconda.yaml`, if desired.
2. Re-render the constructor specification directories by running `rerender.py`.
3. Commit the changes to produced by steps 1 and 2 to the git repository.
4. Build the installer package for a particular platform by running `build_installer.py`.
### Release
To release a new version of radioconda and build installer packages using GitHub's CI:
1. Update the repository following steps 1-3 above.
2. Make a new pre-release on GitHub with a name equal to the version.
3. Wait until all artifacts are uploaded by CI
4. Mark the pre-release as a release
NOTE: using a pre-release is important to make sure the "latest" links work.

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@ -9,3 +9,9 @@ A repository of radio things are found at https://repo.radio.
- [K2HMH Git Repo Radio ](https://repo.radio/org/K2HMH/dashboard)
- My [personal](https://repo.radio)radio repo
- My [personal](https://repo.radio)radio repo
Things found on github to be mirrored over:
- https://github.com/argilo/gr-nrsc5.git -
- https://github.com/zwh2/aistx - AIS frame builder for gis

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This is another part of radio that involved a more complex computer automated method of communication.
## Trunked Systems  
via [ChiComm.com ](https://www.chicomm.com/blog/whats-the-difference-between-a-conventional-and-trunked-radio-system)
If you hear the term trunked radio system and immediately picture a giant radio network stored in a car trunk get the image out of your mind.
The word “trunking” traces its origins back to the old landline telephone system days when it was used to describe a large number of users sharing a smaller number of communications paths, or “trunks.”
For a trunked system, those communication paths, or trunks, are channels. A trunked radio system is a computer-controlled network that automatically connects users to available radio channels when they need them. When a user, say an officer or sergeant in the field, wants to send a message, the system assigns them to an available channel, decreasing the likelihood that theyll have to wait for a free channel to start transmitting.
Trunked radio relies on “[repeaters](https://www.chicomm.com/products-listing?industry=all&category=13&brand=all)” to re-transmit radio signals to expand the coverage of the devices. With signals going further, devices can transmit information across greater distances.
## The Intersection Example
A great way to illustrate the differences between these networks is to consider two traffic intersections.  
The first intersection is "conventional" and uses your average stoplight system. When a driver (user) comes to the intersection and the light is green (open channel), they are free to proceed. If the light is red (channel in use), they have to wait until the light turns green to move forward. 
The second intersection, the "trunked" system, is a roundabout. When a driver enters this intersection, they simply merge in during the first possible opening in traffic, thus making their trip more efficient.  
## Advantages of A Trunked Radio System
Trunked systems are the ideal option for larger organizations that need expansive coverage as well as flexibility, convenience, and privacy throughout different talk-groups.
Advantages include:
**Coverage**: Since the system incorporates repeater technology, groups using frequencies can contact each other over greater distances. The re-transmitting of signals helps reception just as much as it helps with reach. With reinforced frequencies, radios using a trunked system will also experience stronger reception, even in areas where cell phones would not work.
**Flexibility**: The system can easily be changed to accommodate the needs of multiple departments without having to merge separate groups.
**Convenience**: The computers planning and assigning of frequencies makes channels available whenever groups are ready. At any given time, a group will be automatically directed to whatever frequency is currently open, allowing talk-groups to use the signals when they need them.
In conventional systems, users may waste time listening for idle time on the channel theyve manually selected while other channels are available. Trunking reduces wasted time by finding an available channel and making the selection for them.
**Privacy**: Assigning groups to specific frequencies allows for more private conversation without the fear of another talk-group overhearing or interfering with an existing conversation.
## The Choice is Yours
When it comes time to decide on whether a conventional or trunked system is best for you, keep in mind the size and scope of your team now and into the future.
Two-way radios provide users with a reliable means of communication, and with a trunked system to complement them, your radio system will experience increased productivity, helping your company experience a return on its investment.
- Additionally see this article on [Trunked radio ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trunked_radio_system)

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Another mission I care deeply about is the lowering of cost to those that cannot afford it as well as the ability to maintain control over our data. Unfortunately, with most free programs it comes in exchange for collection of our private information and often paid options preserve privacy with of course a significant price tag. In the venn diagram of open source and privacy-focused programs, does a middle ground exist?? That is the unicorn programs that I will attempt to collect here.
This is of course made possible by ethical developers who join communities in earnest attempt at providing support to internet users across the world.
- https://undraw.co - open source illustrations and entirely free svg files
- [Invidious](https://yewtu.be/) - an entirely free youtube alternative with no ads
- [docker image](https://quay.io/repository/invidious/invidious) of invidious hosted on quay
- [donation](https://invidious.io/donate/) inspiration
- [license](https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/blob/master/LICENSE) inspiration to not be liable for distributing & not get sued by google
- An example of a [yewtube](https://yewtu.be/watch?v=FfeFwzNM8m8) video but able to still be embedded through youtube![yewtube](https://www.youtube.com/embed/FfeFwzNM8m8) video
- main [invidious](https://invidious.io) site to host your own video hosting service
- fantastic docs on [installing invidious](https://docs.invidious.io/installation/)
- [Doks](https://getdoks.org) , a free and simple documentation layout, via [Hyas](https://start.gethyas.com)

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@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ Obviously this gets edited with time & as life goes, but right now I am:
- https://shway.vivaldi.net
- tumblr
- tiddlywiki
- create a [Gravatar](http://gravatar.com) profile

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I've run into many an inspiring obsidian as well as I've set up my own obsidian. Here are some that I think are worth refering back to.
---
- This developer who turned his obsidian into a [wiki](https://github.com/nikitavoloboev/knowledge/tree/main/docs) for himself with a paid model

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@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ There are so many things to do through the command line in your terminal! Here a
##### Currently:
---
- [VHS](obsidian://open?vault=Obsidian&file=Coding%20Tips%20(Classical)%2FComputers%2FComputer%20Realm%2FTerminal%20Tips%2FCLI%20Tools%2FVHS) - cute gifs generated while typing in terminal
- [VHS](obsidian://open?vault=enter&file=Coding%20Tips%20(Classical)%2FTerminal%20Tips%2FCLI%20Tools%2FCLI%20Tool%20Collection%2FVHS) - cute gifs generated while typing in terminal
- additionally there is also `asciinema rec`
- [Figlet](obsidian://open?vault=Obsidian&file=Coding%20Tips%20(Classical)%2FComputers%2FComputer%20Realm%2FTerminal%20Tips%2FCLI%20Tools%2FASCII) - create large text headers within terminal
- can be additionally used with `toilet`

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via [original site](http://kaomoji.ru/en)
# Kaomoji: Japanese Emoticons
**Kaomoji** (顔文字) is a popular Japanese emoticon style made up of Japanese characters and grammar punctuations, and are used to express emotion in texting and cyber communication. The word **kaomoji** is also synonymous to be referred to as **Japanese emoticons**. This concept is formed by the combination of two words in Kanji, “kao” (顔 “face”) and “moji” (文字 “character”).
Japanese are very emotional and creative nation. Therefore, in Japan emoticons are popular as nowhere in the world.
Japanese believe that eyes are the mirror of a human soul. Therefore, unlike Western emoticons where most attention is paid to mouth, in **Japanese emoticons** the most important part are eyes. In addition, **kaomoji** are so popular because you dont have to read them sideways.
Many Japanese are good at drawing because Japanese is the language of drawings. Anime and manga are vivid examples of how closely the authors manage to convey a variety of emotions just by a set of a few simple lines.
In the beginning of internet and instant messaging lack of face-to-face talk resulted in mistakenly taking parodies and humorous jokes the wrong way. **Kaomoji** is a result of manga and anime fans who wanted to correct those mistakes, avoid awkward writing situations, and express words more creatively.
**Japanese emoticons** are extremely diverse. Some of Internet sources state the number of 10000 but, in fact, there are much more of them. Such diversity may be explained by at least two factors:
- unlike Cyrillic and Latin alphabets, which are usually written in single-byte character sets, Japanese writing requires a minimum of double-byte sets with a wider scope of characters;
- **kaomoji** can express not only individual emotions, but also complex actions, objects, and even whole stories.
**Japanese emoticons** are divided into categories based on emotional component of a form, action or object. These emoticons can also use some special characters for additional connotation.
On this website you can find an interesting collection of kawaii (cute) **Japanese emoji** compiled from various (mostly Japanese) internet sources. Since it is impossible to find and display all of them, we selected the most interesting and cute ones, as well as added our own. In addition, we also developed an application for Android.
So! Feel free to use these **Japanese emoticons**. Mix and match the elements of different **kaomoji** and create your own creative options!
## Kaomoji Categories
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|[Positive Emotions](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#positive)<br><br>- [Joy](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#joy)<br>- [Love](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#love)<br>- [Embarrassment](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#embarrassment)<br>- [Sympathy](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#sympathy)|[Negative Emotions](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#negative)<br><br>- [Dissatisfaction](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#dissatisfaction)<br>- [Anger](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#anger)<br>- [Sadness](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#sadness)<br>- [Pain](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#pain)<br>- [Fear](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#fear)|[Neutral Emotions](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#neutral)<br><br>- [Indifference](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#indifference)<br>- [Confusion](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#confusion)<br>- [Doubt](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#doubt)<br>- [Surprise](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#surprise)|
|[Various Actions](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#actions)<br><br>- [Greeting](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#greeting)<br>- [Hugging](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#hugging)<br>- [Winking](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#winking)<br>- [Apologizing](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#apologizing)<br>- [Nosebleeding](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#nosebleeding)<br>- [Hiding](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#hiding)<br>- [Writing](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#writing)<br>- [Running](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#running)<br>- [Sleeping](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#sleeping)|[Animals](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#animals)<br><br>- [Cat](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#cat)<br>- [Bear](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#bear)<br>- [Dog](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#dog)<br>- [Rabbit](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#rabbit)<br>- [Pig](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#pig)<br>- [Bird](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#bird)<br>- [Fish](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#fish)<br>- [Spider](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#spider)|[Other Types](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#other)<br><br>- [Friends](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#friends)<br>- [Enemies](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#enemies)<br>- [Weapons](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#weapons)<br>- [Magic](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#magic)<br>- [Food](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#food)<br>- [Music](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#music)<br>- [Games](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#games)<br>- [Faces](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#faces)<br>- [Special](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#special)|
☆☆☆ [Japanese emoticons for Android](http://kaomoji.ru/en/#android) ☆☆☆
Kaomoji collection is periodically updated. Stay tuned!
Attention! All emoticons here use Japanese fonts. If some of them are not displayed correctly, adjust Asian language support in your operating system.
## Japanese Emoticons: Positive Emotions
### Joy
If you want to create joyful, happy or laughing Japanese emoticons use high up eyes. For example, you can use these characters: ^,  ̄, ´ and `. Mouths are important too. Japanese girls often use character ω (omega) for mouths of their emoticons, thinking that such kaomoji are cute, or, as they say, kawaii. You can also use ∀, ▽ and other characters resembling a smile. And Japanese also like to add different effects to kaomoji (stars, tears of joy, and so on) for better emphasis.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(* ^ ω ^)|(´ ∀ ` *)|٩(◕‿◕。)۶|☆*:.。.o(≧▽≦)o.。.:*☆|
|(o^▽^o)|(⌒▽⌒)☆|<( ̄︶ ̄)>|。.:☆*:・'(*⌒―⌒*)))|
|ヽ(・∀・)ノ|(´。• ω •。`)|( ̄ω ̄)|;:゛;;・(°ε° )|
|(o・ω・o)|(@^◡^)|ヽ(*・ω・)ノ|(o_ _)ノ彡☆|
|(^人^)|(o´▽`o)|(*´▽`*)|。゚( ゚^∀^゚)゚。|
|( ´ ω ` )|(((o(*°▽°*)o)))|(≧◡≦)|(o´∀`o)|
|(´• ω •`)|(^▽^)|(⌒ω⌒)|∑d(°∀°d)|
|╰(▔∀▔)╯|(─‿‿─)|(*^‿^*)|ヽ(o^ ^o)ノ|
|(✯◡✯)|(◕‿◕)|(*≧ω≦*)|(☆▽☆)|
|(⌒‿⌒)|(≧▽≦)|ヽ(oo)|☆ ('▽^人)|
|(*°▽°*)|٩(。•́‿•̀。)۶|(✧ω✧)|ヽ(*⌒▽⌒*)ノ|
|(´。• ᵕ •。`)|( ´` )|( ̄▽ ̄)|╰(*´︶`*)╯|
|ヽ(>∀<☆)|o(≧▽≦)o|(☆ω☆)|(っ˘ω˘ς )|
|( ̄▽ ̄)|(*¯︶¯*)|(^▽^)|٩(◕‿◕)۶|
|(o˘◡˘o)|\(★ω★)/|\(^ヮ^)/|(〃^▽^〃)|
|(╯✧▽✧)╯|o(>ω<)o|o( ❛ᴗ❛ )o|。゚(TヮT)゚。|
|( ‾́ ◡ ‾́ )|(ノ´ヮ`)ノ*: ・゚|(b ᵔ▽ᵔ)b|(๑˃ᴗ˂)ﻭ|
|(๑˘︶˘๑)|( ˙꒳​˙ )|(*꒦ິ꒳꒦ີ)|°˖✧◝(⁰▿⁰)◜✧˖°|
|(´・ᴗ・ ` )|(ノ◕ヮ◕)ノ*:・゚✧|(„• ֊ •„)|(.❛ ᴗ ❛.)|
|(⁀ᗢ⁀)|(¬‿¬ )|(¬‿¬ )|(* ̄▽ ̄)b|
|( ˙▿˙ )|(¯▿¯)|( ◕▿◕ )|(٥⁀▽⁀ )|
|(„• ᴗ •„)|(ᵔ◡ᵔ)|( ´ ▿ ` )|(๑>◡<๑)|
|( = ⩊ = )|( ´` )|⸜( ´ ꒳ ` )⸝|⸜(⸝⸝⸝´꒳`⸝⸝⸝)⸝|
|⸜(*ˊᗜˋ*)⸝|⸜( *ˊᵕˋ* )⸝|||
### Love
Love and kissing Japanese emoji often use character ♡ (heart) or its combination, for example, ♡ (air kiss). You can also use a set of characters "chu" for a kiss (in Japan it means a sound of a kiss). Another interesting love emoticons feature is an active presence of such characters as * or o, which mean "rousy cheeks" and are often used in combination with /, \, , ノ and ヽ. This emoticons are trying to hide their faces in embarrassment. You can also use character ε (bow lips), which indicates the desire to hug and kiss. Japanese girls often joke saying that such kaomoji look like perverts!
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(ノ´ з `)|(♡μ_μ)|(*^^*)♡|☆⌒ヽ(*'、^*)chu|
|(♡-_-♡)|( ̄ε ̄@)|ヽ(♡‿♡)|( ´ ∀ `) ♡|
\ (─‿‿─)♡\(´。• ᵕ •。`) ♡|(*♡∀♡)|(。・//ε//・。)|
\(´ ω `♡)|♡( ◡‿◡ )|(◕‿◕)♡|(/▽\*)。o○♡|
|(ღ˘⌣˘ღ)|(♡°▽°♡)|♡(。- ω -)|♡ ('▽^人)|
|(´• ω •`) ♡|(´ ε ` )♡|(´。• ω •。`) ♡|( ´ ▽ ` ).。o♡|
|╰(*´︶`*)╯♡|(*˘︶˘*).。.:*♡|(♡˙︶˙♡)|♡\( ̄▽ ̄)/♡|
|(≧◡≦) ♡|(⌒▽⌒)♡|(*¯ ³¯*)♡|(っ˘з(˘⌣˘ ) ♡|
|♡ (˘▽˘>ԅ( ˘⌣˘)|( ˘⌣˘)♡(˘⌣˘ )|(/^-^(^ ^*)/ ♡|٩(♡ε♡)۶|
|σ(≧ε≦σ) ♡|♡ (⇀ 3 ↼)|♡ ( ̄З ̄)|(❤ω❤)|
|(˘∀˘)/(μ‿μ) ❤|❤ (ɔˆз(ˆˆc)|(´♡‿♡`)|(°◡°♡)|
|Σ>―(〃°ω°〃)♡→|(´,,•ω•,,)♡|(´꒳`)♡|♡(>ᴗ•)|
### Embarrassment
To depict embarrassment, you can use ; character (something like a drop of sweat on a face), or characters for blush (*, o). In addition, you can try to make your emoticon cover its face by its hands in embarrassment.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(⌒_⌒;)|(o^ ^o)|(*/ω\)|(*/。\)|
|(*/_)|(*ノωノ)|(o-_-o)|(*μ_μ)|
|( ◡‿◡ *)|(ᵔ.ᵔ)|(*ノ∀`*)|(//▽//)|
|(//ω//)|(*°▽°*)|(*^.^*)|(*ノ▽ノ)|
|( ̄▽ ̄*)ゞ|( ⁄•⁄ω⁄•⁄ )|(*/▽\*)|( >< )|
|(„ಡωಡ„)|(ง ื▿ ื)ว|( 〃▽〃)|(/▿\ )|
|(/// ̄  ̄///)||||
### Sympathy
The expression of sympathy or compassion requires at least two Japanese emoticons: one of them will be upset about something, and the other will calm him down. You can use kaomoji from "sadness" category for the first type. A key element for the second one will be "a calming hand" (", 'or ヾ) or "shoulder of support" (see examples).
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|(_<。)ヾ(´` )|。・゚・(ノД`)ヽ( ̄ω ̄ )|ρ(- ω -、)ヾ( ̄ω ̄; )|
|ヽ( ̄ω ̄(。。 )ゝ|(*´ I `)ノ゚(ノД`゚)゚。|ヽ(~_~(・_・ )ゝ|
|(ノ_)ヾ(´` )|(; ω ; )ヾ(´∀`* )|(*´ー)ノ(ノд`)|
|(´-ω-`( _ _ )|(っ´ω`)ノ(╥ω╥)|(・_・)ノ”(_<、)|
## Japanese Emoticons: Negative Emotions
### Dissatisfaction
Dissatisfaction can be easily expressed by kaomoji's facial wrinkling. You can use characters for dissatisfied or displeased Japanese emoticons. Additional wrinkles can be added by # character. You can also express dissatisfaction with eyes like ¬ ¬ or ¯ ¯ and with a well-chosen mouth. Such techniques are quite common in anime and manga.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|()|(⌣̀_⌣́)|☆o()○|( ̄  ̄\|)|
|(; ̄Д ̄)|( ̄□ ̄」)|( ̄0 ̄)|(# ̄ω ̄)|
|(¬_¬;)|()|(」°ロ°)」|(〃>_<;〃)|
|()|(︶︹︺)|( ̄ヘ ̄)|<( ̄ ﹌  ̄)>|
|( ̄︿ ̄)|()|(--_--)|凸( ̄ヘ ̄)|
|ヾ(  ̄O ̄)ツ|(⇀‸↼‶)|o(>< )o|(」><)」|
|(ᗒᗣᗕ)՞|(눈_눈)|||
### Anger
The secret of angry or evil emoticons is in their eyes. Use ` and ´ or and ´. Just don't change the characters' order, otherwise your angry emoticon will become friendly and kind (compare: ` ´ - evil eyes, ´ ` - kind eyes). In addition, you can add "wrinkles" and their stronger forms: メ or ╬; and 凸 (middle finger) and ψ (claws) as an arm. You can also use "snarl" 皿 or 益.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(`Д´)|(`皿´#)|( ` ω ´ )|ヽ( `д´*)|
|(・`ω´・)|(`ー´)|ヽ(`⌒´メ)|凸(`△´#)|
|( `ε´ )|ψ( `´ )ψ|ヾ(`ヘ´)ノ゙|ヽ(´)|
|(メ` ロ ´)|(╬`益´)|┌∩┐(◣_◢)┌∩┐|凸( ` ロ ´ )凸|
|Σ(▼□▼メ)|(°ㅂ°╬)|ψ(▼へ▼メ)~→|(ノ°益°)|
|(҂ `з´ )|(‡▼益▼)|(҂`´)凸|((╬◣﹏◢))|
|٩(╬ʘ益ʘ╬)۶|(╬ Ò﹏Ó)|\\٩(๑`^´๑)۶//|(凸ಠ益ಠ)凸|
|↑_(ΦwΦ)Ψ|←~(Ψ▼ー▼)∈|୧((#Φ益Φ#))|٩(ఠ益ఠ)۶|
|(ノಥ益ಥ)ノ|(≖、≖╬)|||
### Sadness
Sad or crying emoticons are quite easy to create. Use Т Т, ; ;, > < and other characters for crying eyes. You can also use / \ or to cover your face.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(_<。)|(-_-)|(´-ω-`)|.・゚゚・(/ω\)・゚゚・.|
|(μ_μ)|(ノД`)|(-ω-、)|。゜゜(´`) ゜゜。|
|o(TヘTo)|( ; ω ; )|(。╯︵╰。)|。・゚゚*(>д<)*゚゚・。|
|( ゚_ゝ)|(个_个)|(╯︵╰,)|。・゚(゚><゚)゚・。|
|( ╥ω╥ )|(╯_╰)|(╥_╥)|.。・゚゚・(_)・゚゚・。.|
|(/ˍ・、)|(_<、)|(╥﹏╥)|。゚(。ノωヽ。)゚。|
|(つω`。)|(。T ω T。)|(ノω・、)|・゚・(。>ω<。)・゚・|
|(T_T)|(>_<)|(っ˘̩╭╮˘̩)っ|。゚・ (><) ・゚。|
|o(〒﹏〒)o|(。•́︿•̀。)|(ಥ﹏ಥ)|(ಡ‸ಡ)|
### Pain
Use characters > < combined with special effects like to depict pain. You can also use eyes of x type for stunned emoticons. Of course, there are also many other ways.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|~(>_<~)|☆⌒(> _ <)|☆⌒(>。<)|(☆_@)|
|(×_×)|(x_x)|(×_×)⌒☆|(x_x)⌒☆|
|(××)|☆(××)|(_)|[ ± _ ± ]|
|٩(× ×)۶|_:(´ཀ`」 ∠):_|(メ﹏メ)||
### Fear
For scared or frightened Japanese emoji use forward and backward slashes and similar characters depicting that they hide their faces in fear. You can also try to depict screaming, waving their arms and so on.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(ノωヽ)|(/。\)|(ノ_ヽ)|..・ヾ(。><)シ|
|(″ロ゛)|(;;;*_*)|(・人・)|(_)|
|(/ω\)|(/_)|〜()〜|Σ(°△°\|)︴|
|((()))|{{ (>_<) }}|(º □ º l\|l)/|〣( ºΔº )〣|
|▓▒░(°◡°)░▒▓||||
## Japanese Emoticons: Neutral Emotions
### Indifference
You can make indifferent / whatever emoticons by adding special characters for arms (┐ ┌ or ╮ ╭, and various combinations with forward and backward slashes and related characters). You can use ー ー or ˇ ˇ for indifferent eyes.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|ヽ(ー_ー )|ヽ(´ー` )┌|┐(` )┌|ヽ(  ̄д ̄)|
|┐( ̄ヘ ̄)┌|ヽ( ̄~ ̄ )|╮( ̄_ ̄)╭|ヽ(ˇヘˇ)|
|┐( ̄~ ̄)┌|┐(︶▽︶)┌|╮( ̄~ ̄)╭|¯\_(ツ)_/¯|
|┐( ´ д ` )┌|╮(︶︿︶)╭|┐( ̄∀ ̄)┌|┐( ˘ 、 ˘ )┌|
|╮(︶▽︶)╭|╮( ˘ 、 ˘ )╭|┐( ˘_˘ )┌|╮( ˘_˘ )╭|
|┐( ̄ヮ ̄)┌|ᕕ( ᐛ )ᕗ|┐(シ)┌||
### Confusion
Use "blank eyes" ・ ・. You can add ; or 〃 to strengthen the effect. The eyes like  ̄  ̄ would be suitable too. Finally, you can add such effects as thinking (・・・), raising hands (┐ ┌ or ╮ ╭) and propping the head with an arm ( ゞ).
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|( ̄ω ̄;)|σ( ̄、 ̄〃)|( ̄~ ̄;)|(-_-;)・・・|
|┐('`;)┌|(・_・ヾ|(〃 ̄ω ̄〃ゞ|┐( ̄ヘ ̄;)┌|
|(・_・;)|( ̄_ ̄)・・・|╮( ̄ω ̄;)╭|(¯ . ¯;)|
|(_)|(・・;)ゞ|Σ( ̄。 ̄ノ)|(・・ ) ?|
|(•ิ_•ิ)?|(◎ ◎)ゞ|(ーー;)|ლ(ಠ_ಠ ლ)|
|ლ(¯ロ¯"ლ)|(¯ . ¯٥)|(¯ ¯٥)||
### Doubt
For doubt Japanese emoticons use ¬ ¬, ¬ ¬ or arrows. This will create the impression that their eyes look toward as if they hear a lie.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(¬_¬)|(→_→)|(¬ ¬)|(¬‿¬ )|
|(¬_¬ )|(←_←)|(¬ ¬ )|(¬‿¬ )|
|(↼_↼)|(⇀_⇀)|(ᓀ ᓀ)||
### Surprise
For shocked and surprised emoticons use mouth wide open (, , ロ), surprised eyes (O O, ⊙ ⊙) and raised hands. You can also add character Σ (sharp jerk) or some cofusion (character ;). Furthermore, you can try to use big eyes in combination with small mouth (for contrast).
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|w(°o°)w|ヽ(°〇°)ノ|Σ(O_O)|Σ(°ロ°)|
|(⊙_⊙)|(o_O)|(O_O;)|(O.O)|
|(°ロ°) !|(o_O) !|(□_□)|Σ(□_□)|
|∑(O_O;)|( : : )|||
## Japanese Emoticons: Various Actions
### Greeting
For greeting (and farewell) Japanese emoticons you can use forward and backward slashes as a standard. However, there are a few more interesting options, such as ノ or . And if you want your emoticon to wave its hand, try to use ヾ, ノ゙ and their various combinations with the "tilde".
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(*・ω・)ノ|( ̄▽ ̄)|(°▽°)/|( ´ ∀ ` )ノ|
|(^-^*)/|(@´ー`)ノ゙|(´• ω •`)ノ|( ° ∀ ° )ノ゙|
|ヾ(*'▽'*)|(⌒▽⌒)|ヾ(☆▽☆)|( ´ ▽ ` )ノ|
|(^^)|~ヾ(・ω・)|(・∀・)|ヾ(・ω・*)|
|(*°ー°)ノ|(・_・)|(o´ω`o)ノ|( ´ ▽ ` )/|
|( ̄ω ̄)/|( ´ ω ` )ノ゙|(⌒ω⌒)ノ|(o^ ^o)/|
|(≧▽≦)/|(✧∀✧)/|(o´▽`o)ノ|( ̄▽ ̄)/|
### Hugging
For hugging emoticons use respective outstretched arm characters.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(づ ̄ ³ ̄)づ|(つ≧▽≦)つ|(つ✧ω✧)つ|(づ ◕‿◕ )づ|
|(⊃。•́‿•̀。)⊃|(つ . •́ _ʖ •̀ .)つ|(っಠ‿ಠ)っ|(づ◡﹏◡)づ|
|⊂(´• ω •`⊂)|⊂(・ω・*⊂)|⊂( ̄▽ ̄)⊃|⊂( ´ ▽ ` )⊃|
|( ~*-*)~|(= ⩊ = )|(っ ᵔ◡ᵔ)っ|(っ╹ᆺ╹)っ|
### Winking
Winking Japanese emoticons look cute and they are quite easy to be made. Just use different characters for left and right eye.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(^_~)|( ゚o⌒)|(^_-)≡☆|(^ω~)|
|(>ω^)|(~人^)|(^_-)|( -_・)|
|(^_<)〜☆|(^人<)〜☆|☆⌒(≧▽​° )|☆⌒(ゝ。∂)|
|(^_<)|(^_)☆|(・ω<)☆|(^.~)☆|
|(^.~)|(。•̀ᴗ-)✧|(>ᴗ•)||
### Apologizing
In Japan, when expressing apology, it is common to perform a traditional bow. Therefore, apologizing Japanese emoticons are created this way. Use lowered eyes (_ _ or . .). If the bow is performed from a sitting position, you can use m m for the eyes. Otherwise, use characters < > for shoulders.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|m(_ _)m|(シ_ _)シ|m(. .)m|<(_ _)>|
|人(_ _*)|(*_ _)人|m(_ _;m)|(m;_ _)m|
|(シ. .)シ||||
### Nosebleeding
If you want to depict nosebleeding / nosebleeds like in anime and manga use the following characters: i, ハ, ;, 〃.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(* ̄ii ̄)|( ̄ハ ̄*)|\( ̄ハ ̄)|(^་།^)|
|(^〃^)|( ̄ ¨ヽ ̄)|( ̄ ; ̄)|( ̄ ;; ̄)|
### Hiding
Using character | for hiding emoticons makes them look like if they are peeping from behind the wall hiding from somebody.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|\|・ω・)|ヘ(・_\||\|ω・)ノ|ヾ(・\||
|\|д・)|\|_ ̄))|\|▽//)|┬┴┬┴┤(・_├┬┴┬┴|
|┬┴┬┴┤・ω・)ノ|┬┴┬┴┤( ͡° ͜ʖ├┬┴┬┴|┬┴┬┴┤(・_├┬┴┬┴|\|_・)|
|\|・д・)ノ|\|ʘ‿ʘ)╯|||
### Writing
Character φ looks good as a pen, if you want to make writing emoticons. You can also add a few underscores or dots to depict the process of writing itself.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|__φ()|(  ̄ー ̄)φ__|__φ(。。)|__φ(;)|
|ヾ( `ー´)シφ__|__〆( ̄ー ̄ )|....φ(・∀・*)|___〆(・∀・)|
|( ^▽^)ψ__|....φ(︶▽︶)φ....|( . .)φ__|__φ(◎◎ヘ)|
### Running
You can create running Japanese emoji by adding special motion effects. Among available charactrers are ε, =, ミ and C.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|☆ミ(o*・ω・)ノ|C= C= C= C= C=┌(;・ω・)┘|─=≡Σ((( つ><)つ|
|ε=ε=ε=ε=┌(; ̄▽ ̄)┘|ε=ε=┌( >_<)┘|C= C= C= C=┌( `ー´)┘|
|ε===(っ≧ω≦)っ|ヽ( ̄д ̄;)=3=3=3|。。。ミヽ(。><)|
### Sleeping
Use zzZ for snoring. You can also put your sleeping emoticon on a pillow [ ]. Simple as that!
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|[()]..zzZ|(_) zzZ|(∪。∪)。。。zzZ|(-ω-) zzZ|
|( ̄o ̄) zzZZzzZZ|(( _ _ ))..zzzZZ|( ̄ρ ̄)..zzZZ|(.)...zzz|
|(_ _*) Z z z|(x . x) ~~zzZ|||
## Japanese Emoticons: Animals
### Cat
Japanese believe that cats are insanely cute creatures. This explains a variety of anime and manga fetishes: cat ears and tail, saying "nyaa~" (nyaa - "meow" in Japanese) and other kawaii things. Therefore, it's not a surprise that in kaomoji main animals are cats. So, if you want your emoticon to become a nice kitty, use = = for its mustache and ^ ^ for the ears.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(=^・ω・^=)|(=^・ェ・^=)|(=①ω①=)|( =ω=)..nyaa|
|(= ; ェ ; =)|(=`ω´=)|(=^‥^=)|( =ノωヽ=)|
|(=⌒‿‿⌒=)|(=^ ◡ ^=)|(=^-ω-^=)|ヾ(=`ω´=)ノ”|
|(^• ω •^)|(/ =ω=)/|ฅ(•ㅅ•❀)ฅ|ฅ(• ɪ •)ฅ|
|ଲ(ⓛ ω ⓛ)ଲ|(^=◕ᴥ◕=^)|( =ω= )||
|ଲ(ⓛ ω ⓛ)ଲ|(^=◕ᴥ◕=^)|( =ω= )|(^˵◕ω◕˵^)|
|(^◔ᴥ◔^)|(^◕ᴥ◕^)|ต(=ω=)ต|( Φ ω Φ )|
|ฅ(^◕ᴥ◕^)ฅ||||
### Bear
Japanese bear emoticons are easy to identify by their special snout (エ) or ears ʕ ʔ.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|( ´(エ)ˋ )|(* ̄(エ) ̄*)|ヽ( ̄(エ) ̄)ノ|(/ ̄(エ) ̄)|
|( ̄(エ) ̄)|ヽ( ˋ(エ)´ )ノ|⊂( ̄(エ) ̄)⊃|((エ))|
|⊂(´(ェ)ˋ)⊃|(/-(エ)-)|(/°(エ)°)/|ʕ ᵔᴥᵔ ʔ|
|ʕ •ᴥ• ʔ|ʕ •̀ ω •́ ʔ|ʕ •̀ o •́ ʔ|ʕಠᴥಠʔ|
### Dog
The secret of dog emoticons is in the ears . Use these characters instead of brackets.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|∪^ェ^∪|∪・ω・∪|∪ ̄- ̄∪|∪・ェ・∪|
|^皿^|UTェTU|U^ェ^U|V●ᴥ●V|
|U・ᴥ・U||||
### Rabbit
Its not a secret that rabbits are extremely cute animals. And emoticons are able to make them even cuter. You can use x for your rabbits face and slashes for its ears. You can also try other variants.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(≧ x ≦)|(・ × ・)|(=´x`=)|(^ x ^)|
|(=・ x ・=)|(^ × ^)|(×)|(˃ᆺ˂)|
|૮ ˶ᵔ ᵕ ᵔ˶ ა|૮₍ ˶• ༝ •˶ ₎ა|||
### Pig
You can use (оо), (OO) or (ω) for a pig nose. Add it to your emoticon and you'll get a funny cute pig.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|( ´(00)ˋ )|( ̄(ω) ̄)|ヽ( ˋ(00)´ )|( ´(oo)ˋ )|
|( ̄(oo) ̄)|。゚(゚´(00)`゚)゚。|( ̄(00) ̄)|(ˆ(oo)ˆ)|
### Bird
For bird japanese emoticons and their mouths (beaks) you can use such characters as Θ or θ. This is the main idea.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|( ̄Θ ̄)|(`・Θ・´)|( ˋ Θ ´ )|(◉Θ◉)|
|( ˋ Θ ´ )|(・θ・)|(・Θ・)|ヾ( ̄◇ ̄)ノ〃|
|(・Θ・)||||
### Fish
Fish and seafood is an inevitable part of Japanese life. That's why fish and sea creatures emoticons are quite popular too. You can use << or for a tail, and )) for the gills.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|(°)#))<<|<・ )))><<|ζ°)))彡|>°))))彡|
|(°))<<|>^)))<|≧( ° ° )≦||
### Spider
For spider emoticons use characters /\\╮╭╲ for the legs and try to add a few pairs of eyes.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|/╲/\╭(ఠఠ益ఠఠ)╮/\\|/╲/\╭(ರರ⌓ರರ)╮/\\|/╲/\╭༼ ººل͟ºº ༽╮/\\|/╲/\╭( ͡°͡° ͜ʖ ͡°͡°)╮/\\|
|/╲/\╭[ ᴼᴼ ౪ ᴼᴼ]╮/\\|/╲/\( •̀ ω •́ )/\\|/╲/\╭[☉﹏☉]╮/\\||
## Japanese Emoticons: Other Types
### Friends
If you want to describe friends and friendship, the best way is to make your Japanese emoticons holding each others hands. You can use 人, メ, 八 and 爻. Although, there are other suitable characters. You can try to find them.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|ヾ(・ω・)メ(・ω・)|ヽ(∀° )人( °∀)|ヽ( ⌒o⌒)人(⌒-⌒ )ノ|
|(*^ω^)八(⌒▽⌒)八(-‿‿- )ヽ|(^∀^)メ(^∀^)|ヾ( ̄ー ̄(≧ω≦*)ゝ|
|ヽ( ⌒ω⌒)人(=^‥^= )ノ|ヽ(≧◡≦)八(o^ ^o)|(*・∀・)爻(・∀・*)|
|。*:☆(・ω・人・ω・)。:゜☆。|o(^^o)(o^^o)(o^^o)(o^^)o|((( ̄( ̄( ̄▽ ̄) ̄) ̄)))|
|(°(°ω(°ω°(☆ω☆)°ω°)ω°)°)|ヾ(・ω・`)ノヾ(´・ω・)ノ゛|Ψ( `∀)(∀´ )Ψ|
|(っ˘▽˘)(˘▽˘)˘▽˘ς)|(((*°▽°*)八(*°▽°*)))|☆ヾ(*´・∀・)ノヾ(・∀・`*)ノ☆|
|(*^ω^)人(^ω^*)|٩(๑・ิᴗ・ิ)۶٩(・ิᴗ・ิ๑)۶|(☞°ヮ°)☞ ☜(°ヮ°☜)|
|(▽ ̄ \ ( ̄▽ ̄) /  ̄▽)|\( ˙▿˙ )/\( ˙▿˙ )/||
### Enemies
The concept of "enemy" here is used in a joking manner. Just try to describe how your emoticon kicks his opponent, or anything like that. You can use special effects like ☆, ミ, 彡 and Σ for emphasis. You can also use x x for the eyes of unconscious emoticons. All the rest is your creative approach.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|ヽ( ・∀・)ノ_θ彡☆Σ( `Д´)|(*´∇`)┌θ☆(ノ>_<)ノ|(  ̄ω ̄)ノ゙⌒☆ミ(o _ _)o|
|(*`0´)θ☆(メ°皿°)ノ|(o¬‿¬o )...☆ミ(*x_x)|(╬ ̄皿 ̄)=○#( ̄#)3 ̄)|
|(; -_-)――――――C<―_-)|(  ̄︿ ̄)︵θ︵θ︵☆(>口<-)|( ̄ε(# ̄)☆╰╮o( ̄▽ ̄///)|
|ヽ(>_<ヽ) ―⊂\|=0ヘ(^‿^ )|ヘ(>_<ヘ) ¬o( ̄‿ ̄メ)|,,(((  ̄□)_ _(○ ̄ ))),,|
|(҂` ロ ´)︻デ═一 (º □ º l\|l)/|(╯°Д°)╯︵ /(.□ . )|(¬_¬'')ԅ( ̄ε ̄ԅ)|
|/( .□.) ︵╰(°益°)╯︵ /(.□. /)|(ノ-.-)ノ….((((((((((((●~* ( >_<)|!!(メ ̄  ̄)_θ☆°0°)/|
|(`⌒*)O-(`⌒´Q)|(((ง’ω’)و三 ง’ω’)ڡ≡ ☆⌒ミ((x_x)|(งಠ_ಠ)ง σ( •̀ ω •́ σ)|
|(っ•﹏•)っ ✴==≡눈٩(`皿´҂)ง|(「• ω •)「 (⌒ω⌒`)|( °ᴗ°)~ð (/❛o❛\)|
### Weapons
Rifle ︻デ═一, sniper rifle ︻┻┳══━一, shotgun ︻┳═一, minigun ✴==≡눈, gun ¬, laser ・・・--------☆, chain ○∞∞∞∞, bow D・・・・・------ →, bomb (((((((((●~*, syringe ―⊂|=0, pepper spray 占~~~~~, jo-jo ~~~~~~~~~~◎, boomerang (( く ((へ, spear ―――→, grabber ――――C, sword _ or ¤=[]:::::>, boxing gloves QQ.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|( ・∀・)・・・--------☆|(/-_・)/D・・・・・------ →|(^ω^)ノ゙(((((((((●~*|
|( -ω-)/占~~~~~|(/・・)   (( く ((へ|―⊂\|=0ヘ(^^ )|
|○∞∞∞∞ヽ(^ー^ )|(; ・_・)――――C|(ಠ o ಠ)¤=[]:::::>|
|(*)/~~~~~~~~~~◎|¬o( ̄- ̄メ)|―(T_T)→|
|(((  ̄□)_|(メ` ロ ´)︻デ═一|( ´-ω・)︻┻┳══━一|
|(メ ̄▽ ̄)︻┳═一|✴==≡눈٩(`皿´҂)ง|Q(`⌒´Q)|
### Magic
Japanese emoticons can depict even magic in its all diversity.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|( ˘_˘)ノ ζ\|ζ ζ\|ζ ζ\|ζ|(ノ≧∀≦)ノ ‥…━━━★|(ノ>ω<)ノ :。・:*:・゚’★,。・:*:・゚’☆|
|(ノ°∀°)ノ⌒・*:.。. .。.:*・゜゚・*☆|╰( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡° )つ──☆*:・゚|(# ̄□ ̄)o━∈・・━━━━☆|
|(⊃。•́‿•̀。)⊃━✿✿✿✿✿✿|(∩ᄑ_ᄑ)⊃━☆゚*・。*・:≡( ε:)|(/ ̄ー ̄)/~~☆’.・.・:★’.・.・:☆|
|(∩` ロ ´)⊃━炎炎炎炎炎|||
### Food
Japanese like to drink very much! You can use 旦, 口, 且 and similar characters (for example, simply []) for this purpose. And for hot drinks (tea, coffee) just add ~~ (steam) characters. There is also a great variety of eating emoticons (see examples in the table below).
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|(っ˘ڡ˘ς)|( o˘◡˘o) ┌iii┐|( ’ω’)旦~~|
|( ˘▽˘)っ♨|♨o(>_<)o♨|( ・ω・)o-{{[〃]}}|
|( ・ω・)⊃-[二二]|( ・・)つ―{}@{}@{}-|( ・・)つ-●●●|
|(*´ー`)旦 旦( ̄ω ̄*)|(*´з`)口゚。゚口(・∀・ )|( o^ ^o)且 且(´ω`*)|
|(  ̄▽ ̄)[] [](≧▽≦ )|( *^^)o∀*∀o(^^* )|( ^^)_旦~~  ~~U_(^^ )|
|(* ̄▽ ̄)旦 且(´∀`*)|-●●●-(・・ )|( ・・)つ―●○◎-|
### Music
Japanese emoticons can also describe musical aspects of life (singing, dancing, listening to music, etc.). You can just add ♪ character to your kaomoji or change its hands position (if you want to make it dance).
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|ヾ(´`)ノ♪♪♪|ヘ( ̄ω ̄ヘ)|(〜 ̄▽ ̄)〜|〜( ̄▽ ̄〜)|
|ヽ(o´∀`)ノ♪♬|(ノ≧∀≦)ノ|♪ヽ(^^ヽ)♪|♪(/_ _ )/♪|
|♪♬((d⌒ω⌒b))♬♪|└( ̄- ̄└))|((┘ ̄ω ̄)┘|√( ̄‥ ̄√)|
|└()┐|┌()┘|( ̄▽ ̄)|( ̄▽ ̄)|
|( ̄▽ ̄)/♫•*¨*•.¸¸♪|(^_^♪)|(~˘▽˘)~|~(˘▽˘~)|
|ヾ(⌐■_■)ノ♪|(〜 ̄△ ̄)〜|(~‾▽‾)~|~(˘▽˘)~|
|乁( • ω •乁)|(「• ω •)「|⁽⁽◝( • ω • )◜⁾⁾|✺◟( • ω • )◞✺|
|♬♫♪◖(● o ●)◗♪♫♬|( ˘ ɜ˘) ♬♪♫|♪♪♪ ヽ(ˇ∀ˇ )ゞ|(ˇ▽ˇ)ノ♪♬♫|
### Games
Japanese can describe even games and sports through kaomoji. Here are a few examples: tennis, ping pong, volleyball, basketball, ball, boxing, kendo, fishing, bowling, playing video games. Try to find out what is what.
| | | |
|---|---|---|
|( ^^)p_____\|_o____q(^^ )|(o^)/ °⊥ (^o)|!(;゚o゚)o/ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄ ̄~ >゚))))彡|
|ヽ(^o^)ρ┳┻┳°σ(^o^)|(_^)/  ● \(^_)|"( (≡\|≡))_ _((≡\|≡) )"|
|( -_-)゙_□ VS □_ヾ(^-^ヽ)|ヽ(^ ^)ノ゙ ...___|(=O*_*)=O Q(*_*Q)|
|Ю ○三 \( ̄^ ̄\)|(˙ω˙)🎮(˙∀˙)🎮||
### Faces
These emoticons have human-like faces.
| | | | |
|---|---|---|---|
|( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)|( ͡° ʖ̯ ͡°)|( ͠° ͟ʖ ͡°)|( ͡ᵔ ͜ʖ ͡ᵔ)|
|( . •́ _ʖ •̀ .)|( ఠ ͟ʖ ఠ)|( ͡ಠ ʖ̯ ͡ಠ)|( ಠ ʖ̯ ಠ)|
|( ಠ ͜ʖ ಠ)|( ಥ ʖ̯ ಥ)|( ͡• ͜ʖ ͡• )|( ・ิ ͜ʖ ・ิ)|
|( ͡ ͜ʖ ͡ )|(≖ ͜ʖ≖)|(ʘ ʖ̯ ʘ)|(ʘ ͟ʖ ʘ)|
|(ʘ ͜ʖ ʘ)|(;´༎ຶٹ༎ຶ`)|||
### Special
No specific category emoticons are added here. So each of them has special description.
| | |
|---|---|
|٩(ˊˋ*)و|waking up|
|( ̄^ ̄)ゞ|military salutation|
|(-‸ლ)|facepalm|
|(╯°益°)╯彡┻━┻|throwing table in anger|
|(╮°-°)╮┳━━┳ ( ╯°□°)╯ ┻━━┻|taking table and going mad|
|┬─┬ノ( º _ ºノ)|putting table back|
|(oT-T)尸|surrender|
|( ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°)|meme / Lenny face|
|[̲̅$̲̅(̲̅ ͡° ͜ʖ ͡°̲̅)̲̅$̲̅]|money|
|(ಠ_ಠ)|meme / look of disapproval|
|o 。 (‾́。‾́ )y~~|smoking
|( ̄﹃ ̄)|hungry|
|(๑ᵔ⤙ᵔ๑)|eating with a full mouth|
|(x(x_(x_x(O_o)x_x)_x)x)|alive among zombies|
|( ・ω・)☞|pointing|
|(⌐■_■)|with glasses|
|(◕‿◕✿)|cute face|
|(  ̄.)o-   TV 】|watching TV|
|`、ヽ`ヽ`、ヽ() `、ヽ`☂ヽ`、ヽ|catching umbrella in the rain|
|‿︵‿︵‿︵‿ヽ(°□° )ノ︵‿︵‿︵‿︵|drowning|
|( • )( • )ԅ(≖‿≖ԅ)|emm... try to figure out what he's doing|
|( ^▽^)っ✂╰⋃╯|punishment for cheating|
|〜〜(/ ̄▽)/ 〜ф|chasing a butterfly|
|ଘ(੭ˊᵕˋ)੭* ੈ✩‧₊˚|angel|
|ଘ(੭ˊ꒳​ˋ)੭✧|one more angel|
|_(:3 」∠)_|popular lying emoticon|
|∠( ᐛ 」∠)_|another lying emoticon|

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the mac-cli tool utility. here are some of my personal favorites:
View the directory in tree mode:
```
m dir tree
```
Calculate the folder size of directory:
```
m dir size
```
Shortcut to launchctl services:
```
m service load [com.service.here]
m service start [com.service.here]
```
For more Mac-specific terminal command goodness, there is this[ man's personal repo. ](https://git.herrbischoff.com/awesome-macos-command-line/about/)
---
# [ m-cli](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#-m-cli)
💥 **Swiss Army Knife for macOS !**
[Overview](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#overview)
[Install](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#install)
[Uninstall](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#uninstall)
[How To Use](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#how-to-use)
[All Commands](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#all-commands)
[Contributing](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#contributing)
# [Overview](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#overview)
**m-cli** is a macOS command line tool that lets you interact with utilities and applications entirely in **Terminal**. It differs from other macOS command line tools in the following ways:
- You can easily manage administrative tasks
- It doesn't install 3rd party tools since it doesn't have dependencies
- Installation is easy and doesn't require intervention
- It only uses macOS commands
# [Install](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#install)
You can install **m-cli** using [Homebrew](https://brew.sh/), or you can manually install it.
### [Homebrew install](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#homebrew-install)
If you have Homebrew installed, run:
`brew install m-cli`
### [Manual install](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#manual-install)
If you want to manually install **m-cli**, run:
`curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rgcr/m-cli/master/install.sh | sudo sh`
You can also install it to a different path, shown below:
`INSTALL_DIR=$HOME/.m-cli sh <(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rgcr/m-cli/master/install.sh)`
_Note: Certain plugins, such as that for the "gatekeeper" command, will not work if `m-cli` is installed with standard user privilege. Certain plugins, such as that for the "trash" command, will not work until and unless your terminal emulator is granted Full Disk Access (look under "Security & Privacy" in System Preferences)._
# [Uninstall](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#uninstall)
To uninstall **m-cli** from your system, run:
`m --uninstall`
# [How To Use](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#how-to-use)
**m-cli** commands are executed using the following steps:
#### [1. Run `m`to display all of the commands (utilities) available in **m-cli**.](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#1-run-mto-display-all-of-the-commands-utilities-available-in-m-cli)
#### [2. Run `m <command>` to display the options available for this command.](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#2-run-m-command-to-display-the-options-available-for-this-command)
#### [3. Run `m <command> <option>` to execute an option for this command.](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#3-run-m-command-option-to-execute-an-option-for-this-command)
A diagram of this structure is shown below:
```
m
|___itunes
| |___status
| |___play
| |___pause
| |
| ...
|
|___disk
|___ls
|___list
|___fs
...
```
For example, running `m itunes` will display the options available for iTunes, as shown below:
```
usage: m itunes [ status | play | pause | next | prev | mute | unmute | vol up | vol down | vol #| stop | quit | help ]
Examples:
m itunes status # Show status
m itunes play # Play track
m itunes pause # Pause track
m itunes next # Play next track
m itunes prev # Play previous track
m itunes mute # Mute iTunes
m itunes unmute # Unmute iTunes
m itunes vol up # Volume Up
m itunes vol down # Volume Down
m itunes vol # # Set volume level
m itunes stop # Stop track
m itunes quit # Quit iTunes
```
In this example, running `m itunes play` will play the current selected track in your iTunes music library.
# [All Commands](https://github.com/rgcr/m-cli#all-commands)
**m-cli** currently supports the following commands:
`help`
`airdrop`
`appearance`
`audio`
`battery`
`bluetooth`
`dir`
`disk`
`display`
`dns`
`dock`
`fan`
`finder`
`firewall`
`flightmode`
`gatekeeper`
`group`
`hostname`
`info`
`itunes`
`localhost`
`lock`
`network`
`nosleep`
`notification`
`ntp`
`printer`
`restart`
`safeboot`
`screensaver`
`service`
`shutdown`
`sleep`
`timezone`
`touchbar`
`trash`
`usb`
`update`
`user`
`volume`
`vpn`
`wallpaper`
`wifi`

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Another charm bracelet project. Implement ai questions within the terminal. Here is the [github](https://github.com/charmbracelet/mods) for further info.

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Please promises to deliver high-performance cross-language build support as a program. They have a helpful code lab and does a great job at walking through what an ideal code development environment working with Please would look like. Here is the full [github](https://github.com/thought-machine/please/tree/master).
To learn about please head [here](https://go.dev/doc/install#install). You can go through build code labs for Go, Python, and more.

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Of course the terminal that I have been using and continue to use is the just the tool called **Terminal** on MacOS. However, there are numerous terminal emulators to make your terminal environment a better place to live in. This sometimes enters a place of particularities and nit-picky minutia as it is really up to your own preference what you go with.
- The Terminal
- iTerm
- iTerm2
- Alacritty
- written in rust
- [Kitty](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitty_(terminal_emulator))
- Westerm
- [Foot](https://codeberg.org/dnkl/foot)

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via [Mike Peterson](https://appletoolbox.com/cant-delete-a-file-on-macos-because-its-in-use-fix/)
![macOS File in Use](https://appletoolbox.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/macOS-File-in-Use.jpg)
MacBook error message showing the file on mac OS thats “in use.”
Before you do anything else, you should try a couple of things. These are, by far, the easiest fixes for the problem.
- Quit the apps that you think may be using the troublesome file. If you dont know which app might be using it, you may want to quit all apps.
- If that doesnt work, youll want to simply restart your Mac. After its booted back up, try deleting the file.
- Restarting a Mac should work, but if it doesnt, theres likely a startup or login item that is using the file. From here, youll want to restart your Mac in [Safe Mode](https://appletoolbox.com/macbook-slow-after-macos-upgrade-tips-consider/) and try deleting it. [Safe Mode](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201262) will stop any startup items from running.
In addition, here are a couple more in-depth methods for identifying and dealing with stubborn [files from the Trash](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201583) (or those that wont move to the trash).
### Using the Terminal to locate the “in-use” app and the corresponding file
![macOS File in Use - Terminal](https://appletoolbox.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/macOS-File-in-Use-Terminal-540x107.jpg)
Use Terminal to locate the app that is using the file.
If youre comfortable using the macOS Terminal, there is a command you can try that will identify which app is using the specific file.
- Double-click on the Trash and make sure that a Finder window pops up.
- Open the macOS Terminal, either by using Spotlight search or by going to Applications —> Terminal.
- In the next step, youll want to type a simple command into the terminal — but dont hit return just yet!
- Type this command, followed by a space: **lsof**
- Then, drag the annoying file from the Trash directly onto the Terminal window.
- Once some text pops up, hit Return.
- You should now see a list of the apps that processes that are actively using the file (and keeping it from being deleted).
From here, you can simply pinpoint and close the app thats currently using the file.
If the file is being used by a background process, open Activity Monitor. Find the process in the list and click the X icon to terminate it.
### Delete Immediately feature on MacBook
![macOS File in Use - Delete Immediately](https://appletoolbox.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/macOS-File-in-Use-Delete-Immediately.jpg)
Use delete immediately feature on macOS to get rid of a file on macOS because its In Use.
In OS X El Capitan and [later](https://appletoolbox.com/how-to-show-your-user-library-in-macos-high-sierra-and-sierra/), Apple has also Delete Immediately. Its a scorched-earth solution and theres no going back, but it could come in handy for those extremely stubborn files in your Trash.
Delete Immediately is only accessible within the Trash app. So open it and select the files youd like to delete. Control-click those files and select Delete Immediately. Confirm and those files should be gone.
### Nothing worked. What now?
There may be those rare occasions in which the above steps simply dont work. If thats the case for you, there may be an underlying issue on your disk.
In these worst-case scenarios, Apple itself recommends booting up your Mac in macOS Recovery mode and using Disk Utility to repair the troublesome drive.
If you suspect theres a deeper problem with your Mac causing file-trash stubbornness, we recommend taking it to your local Genius Bar or an Apple Authorized Service Provider.
## Locked files & insufficient privileges
In addition to files being used by apps or processes, there are a couple of other things that could prevent you from deleting a file. Heres a quick overview.
- If the file is locked, then youre going to run into trouble deleting it. You can unlock the file by right-clicking it and selecting Get Info. Open the General tab and deselect the Locked checkbox.
- Sometimes, you may not have sufficient privileges to delete a file. In most cases, this is a good thing. You can always get an Administrator to delete the file, or give yourself Read & Write permissions in Sharing & Permissions.

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# Using Safe Mode
via [Apple Support](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201262)
### If you're using an Intel-based Mac
If you're not using a Mac with Apple silicon, you're using an Intel-based Mac.
1. Turn on or restart your Mac, then immediately press and hold the Shift key as your Mac starts up.
2. Release the key when you see the login window, then log in to your Mac. 
3. You might be asked to log in again. On either the first or second login window, you should see ”Safe Boot” in the upper-right corner of the window. If you can't start up in safe mode, make sure that your Mac isn't using a [firmware password](https://support.apple.com/HT204455).
## Test in safe mode
Follow these steps after [starting up in safe mode](https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201262#startup). Some features might not work in safe mode, affecting video capture, graphics performance, file sharing, Wi-Fi, accessibility, audio devices, and devices connected via USB, Thunderbolt, or FireWire.
### If the issue continues in safe mode
If the issue continues in safe mode, the easiest and most likely solution is to [reinstall macOS](https://support.apple.com/kb/HT204904). Reinstalling macOS doesn't remove your personal files, so you can do it whenever you need to.
### If the issue doesn't continue in safe mode
Leave safe mode by restarting your Mac normally, then try to reproduce the issue. If the issue doesn't return, it might have been resolved by the other things that safe mode did at startup, such as checking your disk and clearing caches.
If the issue returns, it is caused by a login item or other software that safe mode prevents from loading at startup. In that case, [remove login items](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/mac-a-blue-screen-startup-problems-mh21210/mac) to find out whether a login item is at fault.
If a login item is not at fault, your user account might contain other software that is incompatible, including certain software that loads at startup. To confirm, you can [add a user account in Users & Groups settings](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/set-up-other-users-on-your-mac-mtusr001/mac), then log in to that account and test again. The new account won't have the same settings as your old account, but you can create those settings again.
---
# Remove login items to resolve startup problems on your Mac
via [Apple Support](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/remove-login-items-resolve-startup-problems-mh21210/mac)
Login items are apps that open automatically when you start up or log in to your Mac. Occasionally, a login item may cause a blank blue screen at startup or other problems. You can test your login items to see if any are causing startup issues on your Mac.
_Note:_ To print these instructions, press Command-P.
1. On your Mac, choose Apple menu ![](https://help.apple.com/assets/63BCA927AAE78C58DD7FBE35/63BCA92EAAE78C58DD7FBE76/en_US/2f77cc85238452e25cb517130188bf99.png) > System Settings, click General ![](https://help.apple.com/assets/63BCA927AAE78C58DD7FBE35/63BCA92EAAE78C58DD7FBE76/en_US/7c4faef8373d3d73052729c76d485046.png) in the sidebar, then click Login Items on the right. (You may need to scroll down.)
2. Make a list of the login items in the Open at Login list—youll need to remember them later.
3. Select all of the login items, then click the Remove button ![](https://help.apple.com/assets/63BCA927AAE78C58DD7FBE35/63BCA92EAAE78C58DD7FBE76/en_US/e9a8ab65e535ed110ae953650c55ee0c.png).
4. Choose Apple menu ![](https://help.apple.com/assets/63BCA927AAE78C58DD7FBE35/63BCA92EAAE78C58DD7FBE76/en_US/2f77cc85238452e25cb517130188bf99.png) > Restart.
5. If this solves the problem, open Login Items settings again, add the login items one at a time, and restart your Mac after adding each one.
When the problem occurs again, follow the steps above to remove only the last login item you added.
---
# Change Users & Groups settings on Mac
via [Apple Support ](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/change-users-groups-settings-mtusr001/mac)
If your Mac has multiple users, you should set up an account for each person so each can personalize settings and options without affecting other users. You can let occasional users log in as guests without access to other users files or settings. You can also create groups and choose automatic login options. You must be an [administrator](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/aside/gloscddf7f3c/13.0/mac/13.0) of your Mac to perform these tasks.
Both standard users and administrators can join network account servers.
|Option| | | |Description| | | | | | | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Users| | | |View the list of users.<br><br>Click the user picture to change it. See [Change a users login picture](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/change-a-users-login-picture-mtusr002/13.0/mac/13.0).<br><br>Click the Info button ![](https://help.apple.com/assets/63BCA927AAE78C58DD7FBE35/63BCA92EAAE78C58DD7FBE76/en_US/974db3c051f6ac0adaddf1e2fec1001e.png) next to a user name to view details and make changes. See [Change User settings](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/change-user-settings-mh11774/13.0/mac/13.0), [Change Guest User settings](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/change-guest-user-settings-mh15600/13.0/mac/13.0), and [Change Sharing Only User settings](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/change-sharing-only-user-settings-mh11776/13.0/mac/13.0).| | | | | | | |
|Groups| | | |View the list of groups.<br><br>Click the Info button ![](https://help.apple.com/assets/63BCA927AAE78C58DD7FBE35/63BCA92EAAE78C58DD7FBE76/en_US/974db3c051f6ac0adaddf1e2fec1001e.png) next to a group name to view details and make changes. See [Change Group settings](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/change-group-settings-mh11775/13.0/mac/13.0).| | | | | | | |
|Add account| | | |Create a new user or group.<br><br>Click the New Account pop-up menu (you may be asked to enter your password), then choose a type of account.<br><br>- _Administrator:_ An administrator can add and manage other users, install apps, and change settings. The new user you create when you first set up your Mac is an administrator. Your Mac can have multiple administrators. You can create new ones, and convert standard users to administrators. Dont set up automatic login for an administrator. If you do, someone could simply restart your Mac and gain access with administrator privileges. To keep your Mac secure, dont share administrator names and passwords.<br> <br>- _Standard:_ [Standard](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/aside/glosfe7775c6/13.0/mac/13.0) users are set up by an administrator. Standard users can install apps and change their own settings, but cant add other users or change other users settings.<br> <br>- _Sharing Only:_ [Sharing-only](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/aside/glos8dd1231e/13.0/mac/13.0) users can access shared files remotely, but cant log in to the computer or change settings. To give the user permission to access your shared files or screen, you may need to change options in File Sharing, Screen Sharing, or Remote Management settings. See [Set up file sharing](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/set-up-file-sharing-on-mac-mh17131/13.0/mac/13.0) and [Share the screen of another Mac](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/share-the-screen-of-another-mac-mh14066/13.0/mac/13.0).<br> <br>- _Group:_ [Groups](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/aside/glosddc8284e/13.0/mac/13.0) allow multiple users to have the same access privileges. You control a groups access to your shared folders by setting access permissions in the File Sharing options in Sharing settings.<br> <br><br>See [Add a user or group](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/add-a-user-or-group-mchl3e281fc9/13.0/mac/13.0).| | | | | | | |
|Automatically log in as| | | |Choose whether to have a specific user logged in automatically.<br><br>- _Use automatic login:_ Choose a user, enter the password, then follow the onscreen instructions. Automatic login takes effect the next time you restart the Mac, and whenever the Mac starts up, that user is automatically logged in.<br> <br>- _Turn off automatic login:_ Choose Off. At startup the Mac opens a login window showing all the users.<br> <br><br>_Note:_ Automatic login allows anyone to access your Mac simply by restarting it. If automatic login is enabled, make sure your Mac doesnt automatically log in an administrator. When FileVault is turned on, automatic login is disabled.| | | | | | | |
|Allow network users to log in at login window| | | |Specify which network users can log in to your Mac. (This option only appears if your Mac is [joined to a network account server](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/join-your-mac-to-a-network-account-server-mh27627/13.0/mac/13.0).) See [Allow network users to log in to your Mac](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/allow-network-users-to-log-in-to-your-mac-mh35562/13.0/mac/13.0).| | | | | | | |
|Network account server| | | |Join a network account server, or manage network account server settings.) See [Join your Mac to a network account server](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/join-your-mac-to-a-network-account-server-mh27627/13.0/mac/13.0).| | | | | | | |
You can also customize the options that are available in the login window, such as password hints, the user list, and the Sleep, Restart, and Shut Down buttons. See [Change Lock Screen settings](https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/mh11784).

View File

@ -19,4 +19,6 @@ How do you create a chrome extension? Learn more [HERE](https://developer.chrome
- The home page is [here](https://app.tango.us/app/home)
- [ScribeHow](https://scribehow.com) - the better alternative to tango
- This [medium post ](https://medium.com/@ibrahimzahir7/8-must-have-google-chrome-extensions-that-save-hours-of-work-into-minutes-b5a127d7a721)describes even more tools
- [SurfingKeys](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/surfingkeys/gfbliohnnapiefjpjlpjnehglfpaknnc/related) - a vim editor-like utility for your browser
- [SurfingKeys](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/surfingkeys/gfbliohnnapiefjpjlpjnehglfpaknnc/related) - a vim editor-like utility for your browser
- [Hover](https://github.com/nathan-149/hover-paywalls-browser-extension) - for bypassing paywalls on articles, follow instructions and add.
- Additionally there is the very useful [EditThisCookie](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/editthiscookie/fngmhnnpilhplaeedifhccceomclgfbg) extension

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@ -8,21 +8,17 @@ There are even [ esoteric languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esoteric_prog
---
# Xpath
XPath stands for XML Path Language. It is a language that allows you to navigate to a specific element in an XML document.
XPaths will often be used in [BBEdit](obsidian://open?vault=Coding%20Tips&file=Computers%2FMac%20OS%20X%2FBBEdit).
##### Resources To Learn Languages:
---
I used CodeAcademy a lot back when it was free and accessible but alas that was like 10 years ago and is not the case as it is not even free anymore. Here are some great learning resources to get started with languages:
- [Exercism.org](https://exercism.org/) - a forever-free non-profit coding platform for over 60 popular programming languages
- [Code.org](https://code.org/learn) is a great resource for people of all ages to start programming
Remember that the best way to learn is just by **doing**! :)
---
Rust is meant to a systems language aimed to replace C and C++. I have not really played around with it too much myself but the creator of Rust, Graydon Hoare, posts regularly and I think his [blog](https://graydon2.dreamwidth.org/253769.html) and writings are pretty neat.
##### Resources:
---
I used CodeAcademy a lot back when it was free and accessible but alas that was like 10 years ago and is not the case anymore. Here are some great learning resources to get started with languages:
- [Exercism.org](https://exercism.org/) - a forever-free non-profit coding platform for over 60 popular programming languages
- [Code.org](https://code.org/learn) is a great resource for people of all ages to start programming
Remember that the best way to learn is just by **doing**! :)

View File

@ -14,4 +14,14 @@ Documentation Sources:
- Especially with Obsidian Publish it can turn into a great wiki
- Google Docs
- you can now publish anything made in gDocs to the web!
- MkDocs
- MkDocs
---
### Documentation Themes
The themes themselves or the front matter for documentation is certainly worth mentioning. Of course you can also just skip that whole process and go directly into simple html design. But aesthetics do matter at the end of the day. Here are notable themes.
- This [Re-learn Hugo Theme](https://mcshelby.github.io/hugo-theme-relearn/basics/index.html) for docs
- utilized by [localai.io ](https://localai.io)
-

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@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
For a great textbook to learn Go, read [this textbook by Donovan & Kernighan](https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-n9s6Qc0JYdQHz86GbUTaJ_j3Fzp7IE7/view?usp=sharing)
Additionally all the commands and additional settings for flags [are found here. ](https://pkg.go.dev/cmd/go)
Why learn Go? Well, their entire [webpage](https://go.dev/solutions/#case-studies) that explained literally that exact question may have had something to do with it. And I saw a youtube video yesterday saying how it was better than Rust, the literal most "loved" language currently in terms of long-term performance. So both of those two things got me sold.
They have a rather intuitive learning module called [The Go Playground ](https://go.dev/play/)which makes it actually desirable to learn even.
@ -48,4 +49,13 @@ func main() {
```
With the output being: 1 1 2 3 5
When actually looking at it, it's kinda cool. It's not actually hard recursion like the way that it seemed like before with lisp.
When actually looking at it, it's kinda cool. It's not actually hard recursion like the way that it seemed like before with lisp.
Go Terms:
- A **Module**
- A module is a collection of [Go packages](https://go.dev/ref/spec#Packages) stored in a file tree with a `go.mod` file at its root. The `go.mod` file defines the modules _module path_, which is also the import path used for the root directory, and its _dependency requirements_, which are the other modules needed for a successful build. Each dependency requirement is written as a module path and a specific [semantic version](http://semver.org/).
- To see examples of how to set up Go modules, visit [here](https://go.dev/blog/using-go-modules).
- Another github example of using[ Go module conventions](https://github.com/amitsaha/using-go-modules)

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@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
### DOM
DOM stands for Document Object Model. It represents the content of xml as a tree structure.
![[Pasted image 20230901131941.png]]
It can easily read, access, update the contents of the document & it is a programming interface (API). It is an object-oriented representation of the web page.
All XML DOMs can be accessed by any scripting language like Javascript.
Every web browser uses some document object model to make web pages accessible via JavaScript.

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@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
There are many XML tools and extracting generators out there now since XML has been around for so long.

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@ -50,92 +50,11 @@ A query language for navigating in XML document or extract elements in HTML docu
Extract Value from [XPath Tool]([http://xpather.com/](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbEFrOUp0QnNFZGUwdlNNdDI0Z2ZsbkZmUmpld3xBQ3Jtc0tsX3JXTk1raHpQb2VHSEFOdlVBbTJ4eVlEdGk3a3BMSGpGczhMT0FTUWZpQ3hnV0h0UW1RRG1xOE5EMGNVSmRLRWo4SmtGSnczX2xjb0RBajR0aUVXOEtJRS1OSDk0eEc2NUp2a2xOM191dXZOMlNPTQ&q=http%3A%2F%2Fxpather.com%2F&v=U-MZJ6rbqi4))
[Retrieve XPath](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqblczUWVNMHB0ZFVxcGlXWGp3MGNjalhEUnBVQXxBQ3Jtc0tuaVRUTUJlN0hjeEpEQS03eS1jQmdGY0U4ODlDUzBqUE1xNVAzcFV6ZDZJM1U3clJmVy0tQkZIN2dNV0hDRjhYaTQyb3A3VVlzU2ZNazRSeWREM3E5dUthWWdETURQbWlXc2dGLTQ5LU8wa1JTR0dlUQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fxmltoolbox.appspot.com%2Fxpath_generator.html&v=U-MZJ6rbqi4) by clicking on XML Document
# Xpath (continued)
### XSL/XSLT
XPath stands for XML Path Language. It is a language that allows you to navigate to a specific element in an XML document.
XSL - eXtensible Stylesheet Language
- a styling language for XML
XSLT - XSL Transformations
- transforms XML documents into other formats like HTML
```xml
<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "student".xml?>
<class>
<student>
<firstname> Graham </firstname>
<lastname> Hall </lastname>
<nickname> Garry </nickname>
</student>
</class>
```
XPaths will often be used in [BBEdit](obsidian://open?vault=Coding%20Tips&file=Computers%2FMac%20OS%20X%2FBBEdit).
```xsl
<xsl:stylehseet verion = "1.0"
xmins:xml = "http://www.w1.org/1999/XML/tranform">
<xml.template match = "/class">
<html>
<body>
<h2> Student List < /h2>
<table border = "1">
<tr bgcolor="lightgreen">
<tr> First Name </tr>
<tr> Last Nam </tr>
<tr> Nick Name </tr>
</tr>
<xsl: for-each select = "student">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "firstname"/>
</td>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "lastname"/>
</td>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "nickname"/>
</td>
</body>
</html>
<xml:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
Output:
![[Pasted image 20230901130417.png]]
#### XML Scheme:
```
<class>
<student>
<firstname>
</class>
```
It is **Valid** if it follows an XML Schema or XSD (XML Scheme definition)
XML Scheme describes the structure of an XML document, written in XML
[XSD Generator ](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbXVlTHJCdm96UjRDSzJHOVZwVklhRTF1YWNZZ3xBQ3Jtc0ttVE5qc3BGV3d5d3NoUDBKUXYwZFpBbFdRX2xJODZkcDVsWDRqLXhobE9yYXVsRDFMbW5HWndkcmpaNk5zLXZxZ1VVQVRPZ0RWd0w1ZXR0ZEIzdnEzRFNYUE9SeGpTSzgxcnpKUm5NdWF5WWFWWHdlZw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freeformatter.com%2Fxsd-generator.html&v=1BjmZHRHDv0)
Example:
```
<xs:schema xmins:xs="http://www.w3.org">
<xs:element name="class">
<xs:complexType>
<xminselement name ="student> maxOccurs="Unbounded" minOccurs="0">
```
Ensure that it is valid.
### DOM
DOM stands for Document Object Model. It represents the content of xml as a tree structure.
![[Pasted image 20230901131941.png]]
It can easily read, access, update the contents of the document & it is a programming interface (API). It is an object-oriented representation of the web page.
All XML DOMs can be accessed by any scripting language like Javascript.
Every web browser uses some document object model to make web pages accessible via JavaScript.

View File

@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
### XSL/XSLT
XSL - eXtensible Stylesheet Language
- a styling language for XML
XSLT - XSL Transformations
- transforms XML documents into other formats like HTML
```xml
<?xml-stylesheet type = "text/xsl" href = "student".xml?>
<class>
<student>
<firstname> Graham </firstname>
<lastname> Hall </lastname>
<nickname> Garry </nickname>
</student>
</class>
```
```xsl
<xsl:stylehseet verion = "1.0"
xmins:xml = "http://www.w1.org/1999/XML/tranform">
<xml.template match = "/class">
<html>
<body>
<h2> Student List < /h2>
<table border = "1">
<tr bgcolor="lightgreen">
<tr> First Name </tr>
<tr> Last Nam </tr>
<tr> Nick Name </tr>
</tr>
<xsl: for-each select = "student">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "firstname"/>
</td>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "lastname"/>
</td>
<td><xsl:value-of select = "nickname"/>
</td>
</body>
</html>
<xml:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
```
Output:
![[Pasted image 20230901130417.png]]
#### XML Scheme:
```
<class>
<student>
<firstname>
</class>
```
It is **Valid** if it follows an XML Schema or XSD (XML Scheme definition)
XML Scheme describes the structure of an XML document, written in XML
[XSD Generator ](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbXVlTHJCdm96UjRDSzJHOVZwVklhRTF1YWNZZ3xBQ3Jtc0ttVE5qc3BGV3d5d3NoUDBKUXYwZFpBbFdRX2xJODZkcDVsWDRqLXhobE9yYXVsRDFMbW5HWndkcmpaNk5zLXZxZ1VVQVRPZ0RWd0w1ZXR0ZEIzdnEzRFNYUE9SeGpTSzgxcnpKUm5NdWF5WWFWWHdlZw&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freeformatter.com%2Fxsd-generator.html&v=1BjmZHRHDv0)
Example:
```
<xs:schema xmins:xs="http://www.w3.org">
<xs:element name="class">
<xs:complexType>
<xminselement name ="student> maxOccurs="Unbounded" minOccurs="0">
```
Ensure that it is valid.

View File

@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
### What is it?
---
Docker uses *containers* which are isolated from one another and come bundled withtheir own software, libraries, and configuration files. while still communicating witheachother through well-defined channels. An important thing to remember here is that since all the containers share the services of a single operating system kernel, **they use fewer resources than a virtual machine**.
[DockerHub](https://hub.docker.com/) exists as a collection of images to quickly install on your machine.
Uses:
- install gitea with Docker

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@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
### What is it?
---
Docker uses *containers* which are isolated from one another and come bundled withtheir own software, libraries, and configuration files. while still communicating witheachother through well-defined channels. An important thing to remember here is that since all the containers share the services of a single operating system kernel, **they use fewer resources than a virtual machine**.
[DockerHub](https://hub.docker.com/) exists as a collection of images to quickly install on your machine.
[Docker Compose](obsidian://open?vault=enter&file=Docker%20Compose) is the way in which you compile your docker image.
Nowadays Docker is much more of an enterprise product. For the original open source community and installs, you must now visit the [Moby Project. ](https://mobyproject.org)and for what it's worth it is a very active community with frequent [git](https://github.com/moby/moby) updates.
Install Docker with macports:
```
sudo port install docker
```
There is also docker-compose & docker-machine:
Resources to install Docker without the full desktop:
- [Using Docker and kubernetes without Desktop ](https://cuteprogramming.blog/2023/05/21/using-docker-and-kubernetes-without-docker-desktop-on-windows-11/)
Uses:
- install gitea with Docker

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@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
via the [Docker docs](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/)
# Key features and use cases of Docker Compose
Using Compose is essentially a three-step process:
1. Define your app's environment with a `Dockerfile` so it can be reproduced anywhere.
2. Define the services that make up your app in a `compose.yaml` file so they can be run together in an isolated environment.
3. Run `docker compose up` and the Docker compose command starts and runs your entire app.
A `compose.yaml` looks like this:
```yaml
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "8000:5000"
volumes:
- .:/code
- logvolume01:/var/log
depends_on:
- redis
redis:
image: redis
volumes:
logvolume01: {}
```
For more information about the Compose file, see the [Compose file reference](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/).
## [Key features of Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#key-features-of-docker-compose)
### [Have multiple isolated environments on a single host](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#have-multiple-isolated-environments-on-a-single-host)
Compose uses a project name to isolate environments from each other. You can make use of this project name in several different contexts:
- On a dev host, to create multiple copies of a single environment, such as when you want to run a stable copy for each feature branch of a project
- On a CI server, to keep builds from interfering with each other, you can set the project name to a unique build number
- On a shared host or dev host, to prevent different projects, which may use the same service names, from interfering with each other
The default project name is the base name of the project directory. You can set a custom project name by using the [`-p` command line option](https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/) or the [`COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME` environment variable](https://docs.docker.com/compose/environment-variables/envvars/#compose_project_name).
The default project directory is the base directory of the Compose file. A custom value for it can be defined with the `--project-directory` command line option.
### [Preserves volume data when containers are created](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#preserves-volume-data-when-containers-are-created)
Compose preserves all volumes used by your services. When `docker compose up` runs, if it finds any containers from previous runs, it copies the volumes from the old container to the new container. This process ensures that any data you've created in volumes isn't lost.
If you use `docker compose` on a Windows machine, see [Environment variables](https://docs.docker.com/compose/environment-variables/envvars/) and adjust the necessary environment variables for your specific needs.
### [Only recreate containers that have changed](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#only-recreate-containers-that-have-changed)
Compose caches the configuration used to create a container. When you restart a service that has not changed, Compose re-uses the existing containers. Re-using containers means that you can make changes to your environment very quickly.
### [Supports variables and moving a composition between environments](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#supports-variables-and-moving-a-composition-between-environments)
Compose supports variables in the Compose file. You can use these variables to customize your composition for different environments, or different users.
You can extend a Compose file using the `extends` field or by creating multiple Compose files. For more details, see [Working with multiple Compose files](https://docs.docker.com/compose/multiple-compose-files/).
## [Common use cases of Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#common-use-cases-of-docker-compose)
Compose can be used in many different ways. Some common use cases are outlined below.
### [Development environments](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#development-environments)
When you're developing software, the ability to run an application in an isolated environment and interact with it is crucial. The Compose command line tool can be used to create the environment and interact with it.
The [Compose file](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/) provides a way to document and configure all of the application's service dependencies (databases, queues, caches, web service APIs, etc). Using the Compose command line tool you can create and start one or more containers for each dependency with a single command (`docker compose up`).
Together, these features provide a convenient way for developers to get started on a project. Compose can reduce a multi-page "developer getting started guide" to a single machine readable Compose file and a few commands.
### [Automated testing environments](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#automated-testing-environments)
An important part of any Continuous Deployment or Continuous Integration process is the automated test suite. Automated end-to-end testing requires an environment in which to run tests. Compose provides a convenient way to create and destroy isolated testing environments for your test suite. By defining the full environment in a [Compose file](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/), you can create and destroy these environments in just a few commands:
```console
$ docker compose up -d
$ ./run_tests
$ docker compose down
```
### [Single host deployments](https://docs.docker.com/compose/features-uses/#single-host-deployments)
Compose has traditionally been focused on development and testing workflows, but with each release we're making progress on more production-oriented features.

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@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
via [Section.io](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/)
Typically, we create services that run in containers which we then subsequently access via the local host. Docker machine brings a new way of managing and accessing these services.
It allows developers to create docker engines on the virtual hosts and expose them via a specified port.
In this tutorial, I will walk you through the concept of docker-machine and discuss how it exposes its services running **in the virtual machine.**
### Table of contents
- [Requirements](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/#requirements)
- [Objective](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/#objective)
- [Getting started with a docker-machine](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/#getting-started-with-a-docker-machine)
- [Differences between docker machine & docker engine](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/#differences-between-docker-machine--docker-engine)
- [Installing docker machine](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/#installing-docker-machine)
- [Using docker-machine to run docker containers](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/#using-docker-machine-to-run-docker-containers)
- [Run containers and experiment with machine commands](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/#run-containers-and-experiment-with-machine-commands)
- [Conclusion](https://www.section.io/engineering-education/docker-machine/#conclusion)
### Requirements
- Basic knowledge of docker.
- Docker engine installed on your local machine.
- Virtual machine installed on your development environment. We will be using VirtualBox in this tutorial.
### Objective
This tutorial aims to introduce you to the concepts of the docker machine.
First, I will show you how to install and run the docker machine on Ubuntu. Well then proceed to provision and manage multiple remote Docker hosts.
### Getting started with a docker-machine
A Docker machine runs on the virtual host, local development environment, cloud, or even on a server somewhere.
We know that the Docker daemon does all the work of creating and executing the containers with docker knowledge.
You can manage your containers and images using the docker command-line tool in this normal setup process.
With the introduction of a docker-machine, you can easily set up as many containers as possible, deploy them to virtual hosts such as VirtualBox. This host then exposes an IP address, as well see in a minute, and provide you with an environment to manage these containers.
The advantage of this docker-machine that we cannot achieve using just docker is that it allows for a simple interactive environment to manage several containers.
### Differences between Docker Machine & Docker Engine
Whenever you hear the term `docker`, it typically refers to the `docker engine`. When you run a command such as the one shown below, youre simply interacting with the docker engine command-line interface.
```bash
docker run <image>
```
Now, imagine a situation where you have multiple dockerized Java applications. It would be hard to manage these applications independently. Thats where the docker machine comes in.
As discussed earlier, docker-machine is used to provision and manage these dockerized hosts. How it works is that this machine is installed on a local machine. Its then used to install the docker engine in a virtualized environment.
### Installing Docker Machine
```bash
# run this command to check your installed version
docker --version
```
Proceed and download docker machine by running the following command:
```bash
# this installs the docker machine for Linux
base=https://github.com/docker/machine/releases/download/v0.16.0 \
&& curl -L $base/docker-machine-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) >/tmp/docker-machine \
&& sudo mv /tmp/docker-machine /usr/local/bin/docker-machine \
&& chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-machine
```
Output:
```bash
# when you run the above command, you're supposed to see something like this
# you notice it moves the docker-machine to a new directory
# then sets the access mode to allow for execution
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 633 100 633 0 0 511 0 0:00:01 0:00:01 --:--:-- 511
100 26.8M 100 26.8M 0 0 374k 0 0:01:13 0:01:13 --:--:-- 318k
```
To check that you have successfully installed docker-machine, run the following command on your terminal:
```bash
docker-machine --version
```
Output Example:
```bash
# note that this version is at the time of this writing
docker-machine version 0.16.0, build 702c267f
```
### Using docker-machine to run docker containers
Lets now look at how the docker-machine is used to manage docker containers. Start by running this command to list down your docker machines.
```bash
$ docker-machine ls
# no output since we've not
# created any machine.
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
```
Lets proceed and create on machine by executing the commands below:
```bash
docker-machine create --driver VirtualBox default
# you notice we've included a driver flag passed the name of our machine
```
Output:
```bash
# the result while installing the docker-machine
Running pre-create checks...
Creating machine...
#... some output goes here
Waiting for the machine to be running, may take a few minutes...
# here the OS you're currently using for installation is being detected
Detecting operating system of created instance...
# ssh connection setup
Waiting for SSH to be available...
# detecting the provisioner
Detecting the provisioner...
Provisioning with boot2docker...
Copying certs to the local machine directory...
# here you notice we're connected to virtual machine
# a remote machine hence certs are being generated and
# configured
Copying certs to the remote machine...
# docker configuration process
Setting Docker configuration on the remote daemon...
#... installation complete
Docker is up and running!
#...
```
Now that weve successfully created a docker-machine, lets proceed and check whether this machine exists by running the following command:
```bash
docker-machine ls
# this command lists down the list of machines available
```
Output:
```bash
NAME ACTIVE DRIVER STATE URL SWARM DOCKER ERRORS
default - virtualbox Running tcp://192.168.99.102:2376 v19.03.12
```
Lets set environmental command for our virtual machine as shown below:
```bash
# a command to create an env command
docker-machine env default
```
Output:
```bash
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY="1"
export DOCKER_HOST="tcp://192.168.99.102:2376"
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH="/home/jumamiller/.docker/machine/machines/default"
export DOCKER_MACHINE_NAME="default"
# Run this command to configure your shell:
# eval $(docker-machine env default)
```
Lastly, lets connect our shell to our virtualized environment by running the command given in the previous step output;
```bash
# configuring the shell
eval $(docker-machine env default)
```
### Run containers and experiment with machine commands
Now that weve set everything ready, lets proceed and verify our installation by running the following commands:
```bash
# donwloads docker-machine and prints hello John doe
docker run busybox echo hello John doe
```
Output:
```bash
# it downloads busybox and prints hello John doe
# if the image is not locally available, you should it is pulled
b71f96345d44: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0f354ec1728d9ff32edcd7d1b8bbdfc798277ad36120dc3dc683be44524c8b60
#...
Hello John Doe
```
Next, get your VirtualBox IP address by running the following commands:
```bash
# run this command to get the IP address of our default docker-machine
docker-machine IP default
```
IP Address Output:
```bash
# It's important to note that this may vary from your local machine
192.168.99.102
```
We can then proceed and run the Nginx container by running the following commands:
```bash
# note that if you don't have this image, it will be pulled!
docker run -d -p 8000:80 nginx
```
Expected Output:
```bash
#...pulling image
33847f680f63: Pull complete
dbb907d5159d: Pull complete
8a268f30c42a: Pull complete
b10cf527a02d: Pull complete
c90b090c213b: Pull complete
1f41b2f2bf94: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8f335768880da6baf72b70c701002b45f4932acae8d574dedfddaf967fc3ac90
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
d74c42d4e75403d4e4bd0031b293df6bbe0040e1a94a2ebdf1960caa6698b808
```
We can now hit the server on port 8000 defined above by using CuRL as shown below:
```bash
curl $(docker-machine IP default):8000
```
Output:
```html
<!-- note that this an output on the bash -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
...
</style>
...
</body>
</html>
```
And thats how simple and easy it is to use a docker machine to create and manage multiple hosts using virtual and docker machines.

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# Try Docker Compose
This tutorial is designed to introduce the key concepts of Docker Compose whilst building a simple Python web application. The application uses the Flask framework and maintains a hit counter in Redis.
The concepts demonstrated here should be understandable even if you're not familiar with Python.
## [Prerequisites](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#prerequisites)
You need to have Docker Engine and Docker Compose on your machine. You can either:
- Install [Docker Engine](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/) and [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/) as standalone binaries
- Install [Docker Desktop](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/) which includes both Docker Engine and Docker Compose
You don't need to install Python or Redis, as both are provided by Docker images.
## [Step 1: Define the application dependencies](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#step-1-define-the-application-dependencies)
1. Create a directory for the project:
```console
$ mkdir composetest
$ cd composetest
```
2. Create a file called `app.py` in your project directory and paste the following code in:
```python
import time
import redis
from flask import Flask
app = Flask(__name__)
cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)
def get_hit_count():
retries = 5
while True:
try:
return cache.incr('hits')
except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:
if retries == 0:
raise exc
retries -= 1
time.sleep(0.5)
@app.route('/')
def hello():
count = get_hit_count()
return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)
```
In this example, `redis` is the hostname of the redis container on the application's network. We use the default port for Redis, `6379`.
> Handling transient errors
>
> Note the way the `get_hit_count` function is written. This basic retry loop lets us attempt our request multiple times if the redis service is not available. This is useful at startup while the application comes online, but also makes the application more resilient if the Redis service needs to be restarted anytime during the app's lifetime. In a cluster, this also helps handling momentary connection drops between nodes.
3. Create another file called `requirements.txt` in your project directory and paste the following code in:
```text
flask
redis
```
## [Step 2: Create a Dockerfile](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#step-2-create-a-dockerfile)
The Dockerfile is used to build a Docker image. The image contains all the dependencies the Python application requires, including Python itself.
In your project directory, create a file named `Dockerfile` and paste the following code in:
```dockerfile
# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
FROM python:3.7-alpine
WORKDIR /code
ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 5000
COPY . .
CMD ["flask", "run"]
```
This tells Docker to:
- Build an image starting with the Python 3.7 image.
- Set the working directory to `/code`.
- Set environment variables used by the `flask` command.
- Install gcc and other dependencies
- Copy `requirements.txt` and install the Python dependencies.
- Add metadata to the image to describe that the container is listening on port 5000
- Copy the current directory `.` in the project to the workdir `.` in the image.
- Set the default command for the container to `flask run`.
> Important
>
> Check that the `Dockerfile` has no file extension like `.txt`. Some editors may append this file extension automatically which results in an error when you run the application.
For more information on how to write Dockerfiles, see the [Docker user guide](https://docs.docker.com/develop/) and the [Dockerfile reference](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/).
## [Step 3: Define services in a Compose file](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#step-3-define-services-in-a-compose-file)
Create a file called `compose.yaml` in your project directory and paste the following:
```yaml
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "8000:5000"
redis:
image: "redis:alpine"
```
This Compose file defines two services: `web` and `redis`.
The `web` service uses an image that's built from the `Dockerfile` in the current directory. It then binds the container and the host machine to the exposed port, `8000`. This example service uses the default port for the Flask web server, `5000`.
The `redis` service uses a public [Redisopen_in_new](https://registry.hub.docker.com/_/redis/) image pulled from the Docker Hub registry.
## [Step 4: Build and run your app with Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#step-4-build-and-run-your-app-with-compose)
1. From your project directory, start up your application by running `docker compose up`.
```console
$ docker compose up
Creating network "composetest_default" with the default driver
Creating composetest_web_1 ...
Creating composetest_redis_1 ...
Creating composetest_web_1
Creating composetest_redis_1 ... done
Attaching to composetest_web_1, composetest_redis_1
web_1 | * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
redis_1 | 1:C 17 Aug 22:11:10.480 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
redis_1 | 1:C 17 Aug 22:11:10.480 # Redis version=4.0.1, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
redis_1 | 1:C 17 Aug 22:11:10.480 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
web_1 | * Restarting with stat
redis_1 | 1:M 17 Aug 22:11:10.483 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
redis_1 | 1:M 17 Aug 22:11:10.483 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
web_1 | * Debugger is active!
redis_1 | 1:M 17 Aug 22:11:10.483 # Server initialized
redis_1 | 1:M 17 Aug 22:11:10.483 # WARNING you have Transparent Huge Pages (THP) support enabled in your kernel. This will create latency and memory usage issues with Redis. To fix this issue run the command 'echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled' as root, and add it to your /etc/rc.local in order to retain the setting after a reboot. Redis must be restarted after THP is disabled.
web_1 | * Debugger PIN: 330-787-903
redis_1 | 1:M 17 Aug 22:11:10.483 * Ready to accept connections
```
Compose pulls a Redis image, builds an image for your code, and starts the services you defined. In this case, the code is statically copied into the image at build time.
2. Enter http://localhost:8000/ in a browser to see the application running.
If this doesn't resolve, you can also try http://127.0.0.1:8000.
You should see a message in your browser saying:
```console
Hello World! I have been seen 1 times.
```
![hello world in browser](https://docs.docker.com/compose/images/quick-hello-world-1.png)
3. Refresh the page.
The number should increment.
```console
Hello World! I have been seen 2 times.
```
![hello world in browser](https://docs.docker.com/compose/images/quick-hello-world-2.png)
4. Switch to another terminal window, and type `docker image ls` to list local images.
Listing images at this point should return `redis` and `web`.
```console
$ docker image ls
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
composetest_web latest e2c21aa48cc1 4 minutes ago 93.8MB
python 3.4-alpine 84e6077c7ab6 7 days ago 82.5MB
redis alpine 9d8fa9aa0e5b 3 weeks ago 27.5MB
```
You can inspect images with `docker inspect <tag or id>`.
5. Stop the application, either by running `docker compose down` from within your project directory in the second terminal, or by hitting CTRL+C in the original terminal where you started the app.
## [Step 5: Edit the Compose file to add a bind mount](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#step-5-edit-the-compose-file-to-add-a-bind-mount)
Edit the `compose.yaml` file in your project directory to add a [bind mount](https://docs.docker.com/storage/bind-mounts/) for the `web` service:
```yaml
services:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "8000:5000"
volumes:
- .:/code
environment:
FLASK_DEBUG: "true"
redis:
image: "redis:alpine"
```
The new `volumes` key mounts the project directory (current directory) on the host to `/code` inside the container, allowing you to modify the code on the fly, without having to rebuild the image. The `environment` key sets the `FLASK_DEBUG` environment variable, which tells `flask run` to run in development mode and reload the code on change. This mode should only be used in development.
## [Step 6: Re-build and run the app with Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#step-6-re-build-and-run-the-app-with-compose)
From your project directory, type `docker compose up` to build the app with the updated Compose file, and run it.
```console
$ docker compose up
Creating network "composetest_default" with the default driver
Creating composetest_web_1 ...
Creating composetest_redis_1 ...
Creating composetest_web_1
Creating composetest_redis_1 ... done
Attaching to composetest_web_1, composetest_redis_1
web_1 | * Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
...
```
Check the `Hello World` message in a web browser again, and refresh to see the count increment.
> Shared folders, volumes, and bind mounts
>
> - If your project is outside of the `Users` directory (`cd ~`), then you need to share the drive or location of the Dockerfile and volume you are using. If you get runtime errors indicating an application file is not found, a volume mount is denied, or a service cannot start, try enabling file or drive sharing. Volume mounting requires shared drives for projects that live outside of `C:\Users` (Windows) or `/Users` (Mac), and is required for _any_ project on Docker Desktop for Mac and Docker Desktop for Windows that uses [Linux containers](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/faqs/windowsfaqs/#how-do-i-switch-between-windows-and-linux-containers). For more information, see [File sharing on Docker for Mac](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/settings/mac/#file-sharing), [File sharing on Docker for Windows](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/settings/windows/#file-sharing), [File sharing on Docker for Linux](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/settings/linux/#file-sharing). and the general examples on how to [Manage data in containers](https://docs.docker.com/storage/volumes/).
>
> - If you are using Oracle VirtualBox on an older Windows OS, you might encounter an issue with shared folders as described in this [VB trouble ticketopen_in_new](https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/14920). Newer Windows systems meet the requirements for [Docker Desktop for Windows](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/install/windows-install/) and do not need VirtualBox.
>
## [Step 7: Update the application](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#step-7-update-the-application)
As the application code is now mounted into the container using a volume, you can make changes to its code and see the changes instantly, without having to rebuild the image.
Change the greeting in `app.py` and save it. For example, change the `Hello World!` message to `Hello from Docker!`:
```python
return 'Hello from Docker! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)
```
Refresh the app in your browser. The greeting should be updated, and the counter should still be incrementing.
![hello world in browser](https://docs.docker.com/compose/images/quick-hello-world-3.png)
## [Step 8: Experiment with some other commands](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#step-8-experiment-with-some-other-commands)
If you want to run your services in the background, you can pass the `-d` flag (for "detached" mode) to `docker compose up` and use `docker compose ps` to see what is currently running:
```console
$ docker compose up -d
Starting composetest_redis_1...
Starting composetest_web_1...
$ docker compose ps
Name Command State Ports
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
composetest_redis_1 docker-entrypoint.sh redis ... Up 6379/tcp
composetest_web_1 flask run Up 0.0.0.0:8000->5000/tcp
```
The `docker compose run` command allows you to run one-off commands for your services. For example, to see what environment variables are available to the `web` service:
```console
$ docker compose run web env
```
See `docker compose --help` to see other available commands.
If you started Compose with `docker compose up -d`, stop your services once you've finished with them:
```console
$ docker compose stop
```
You can bring everything down, removing the containers entirely, with the `down` command. Pass `--volumes` to also remove the data volume used by the Redis container:
```console
$ docker compose down --volumes
```
## [Where to go next](https://docs.docker.com/compose/gettingstarted/#where-to-go-next)
---
- Try the [Sample apps with Compose](https://github.com/docker/awesome-compose)
- [Explore the full list of Compose commands](https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/)
- [Explore the Compose file reference](https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/)
- To learn more about volumes and bind mounts, see [Manage data in Docker](https://docs.docker.com/storage/)

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Welcome to the [Quay tutorial!](https://quay.io/tutorial/)
This tutorial will walk you step-by-step through using Quay Container Registry , covering:
- Logging into Quay Container Registry from the Docker CLI
- Starting a container
- Creating images from a container
- Pushing a repository to Quay Container Registry
- Viewing a repository
- Setting up build triggers
- Changing a repository's permissions
This tutorial should take about **15 minutes**, but may take slightly longer depending on the speed of your internet connection
Continue Tutorial
---
1. Login with `docker login quay.io`
- Note. use an encrypted pw for cli logging in in the following way![[Pasted image 20230924025824.png]]
2. Then run `docker run busybox echo "fun" > newfile`

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@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
via [quay github](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#running-quay-for-development)
# [Running Quay For Development](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#running-quay-for-development)
The Quay team has developed and supports a Docker based local development environment. This environment can quickly setup Quay and Clair for developing and testing changes. When utilizing the local development environment changes to your source code are automatically hot-reloaded, taking effect in real time.
Beyond Docker and docker-compose, to develop Quay you will also need Python and the full set of requirements in order to successfully run the test suite. Python 3.9 and earlier are currently supported.
## [Requirements](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#requirements)
- Docker
- docker-compose
- Python 3.9
- Node 16.12.0
- libmagic
❗ Be mindful that overriding your operating system's default Python version is not a good idea. Check out [this guide](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/8/html/configuring_basic_system_settings/assembly_installing-and-using-python_configuring-basic-system-settings) for instructions on installing Python 3 on RHEL 8, or alternatively use [pyenv](https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv#readme).
Run either of the following in the quay directory where the repository is forked. It installs the pre-commit checks like trailing-whitespace, new line at EOF, secret leaks and black required before pushing to git.
```
pip install pre-commit==2.20.0
pre-commit install
```
or you can run:
```
make install-pre-commit-hook
```
## [Building and Running with Docker Compose](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#building-and-running-with-docker-compose)
The below commands rely on Docker and Docker Compose to be installed. You can also run Quay with podman - refer to the project's [`docker-compose.yml`](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/c507eeff2eae61efe1a18a4b0e6addce4d37bc5a/docker-compose.yaml) file to understand and reproduce the setup.
### [Starting Quay](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#starting-quay)
To run Quay's basic components and database, use the `local-dev-up` make target.
❗ If using Docker Desktop it's possible the virtual machine used is too resource constrained to host Quay. Refer to the [Docker Desktop manual](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/mac/#resources) for instructions on increasing resources. Make sure to provide Docker Desktop with more memory and CPU to ensure smooth performance.
```shell
make local-dev-up
```
Components started:
|Infra|Local Adress|Docker Network Address|
|---|---|---|
|Quay|`localhost:8080`|`quay-quay:8080`|
|Quay Database|`localhost:5432`|`quay-db:5432`|
|Quay Redis|`localhost:6379`|`quay-redis:6379`|
### [Starting Quay With Clair](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#starting-quay-with-clair)
To also run Clair, use the `local-dev-up-with-clair` make target instead.
```shell
make local-dev-up-with-clair
```
Components started:
|Infra|Local Adress|Docker Network Address|
|---|---|---|
|Quay|`localhost:8080`|`quay-quay:8080`|
|Quay Database|`localhost:5432`|`quay-db:5432`|
|Quay Redis|`localhost:6379`|`quay-redis:6379`|
|Clair|(not exposed)|`localhost:6000 from Quay container`|
|Clair Database|`localhost:5433`|`clair-db:5432`|
_Note: Clair is deployed in the network namespace of the Quay container. This allows Quay to provide Clair layer location information over `localhost`._
## [Hot-Reload](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#hot-reload)
The local development environment supports hot-reload of Quay, Quay workers, and the front end UI code.
Quay registry runs in production as a gunicorn worker so no changes except enabling hot-reload is necessary.
Quay workers run as generic python modules in production. To support hot-reloading each worker was modified to run as a gunicorn worker sub-process (only for local-dev). When the source code is updated and saved to disk the gunicorn worker is restarted.
The front end code supports hot-reload by running `npm watch` in the background during container startup.
## [Container Reload](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#container-reload)
The make target `local-docker-rebuild` focuses on reloading all running docker containers. By default only `quay-quay`, `quay-db` and `quay-redis` are rebuilt. `quay-clair` and `clair-db` can be included in rebuild by passing an optional `CLAIR` variable.
```
CLAIR=true make local-docker-rebuild
```
## [Troubleshooting](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#troubleshooting)
Here you'll find some common troubles people run into while setting up their local development environments.
### [Not Enough Resources](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#not-enough-resources)
If using Docker Desktop it's possible the virtual machine used is too resource constrained to host Quay. Refer to the [Docker Desktop manual](https://docs.docker.com/desktop/mac/#resources) for instructions on increasing resources. Make sure to provide Docker Desktop with more memory and CPU to ensure smooth performance.
### [Blocked Traffic (Firewalld)](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#blocked-traffic-firewalld)
In certain cases firewalld may block network traffic between the host and containers. If you are experiencing connectivity issues try disabling Firewalld or any other firewall on your host machine.
### [Port conflicts](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#port-conflicts)
If you are running any containers or services on the same ports the local development environment tries to bind to you will experience connectivity issues or errors. Make sure no other software is bound to the required ports (see [Starting Quay](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#starting-quay) and [Starting Quay With Clair](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#starting-quay-with-clair) for the full list) while utilizing the local development environment.
## [Running Tests](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#running-tests)
Quay is covered by tests using various approaches. Read our [testing guide](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/TESTING.md) for details.
## [Contributing](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#contributing)
How great that you want to contribute to Quay! Before starting make sure to check our [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/.github/CONTRIBUTE.md).
# [Using Quay](https://github.com/quay/quay/blob/master/docs/getting-started.md#using-quay)
Container images can be tagged and pushed to your local quay instance.
The following steps outline how to accomplish this:
NOTE: if you're using docker instead of podman, make sure to configure the docker daemon to accept insecure registries by following [this guide](https://docs.docker.com/registry/insecure/).
- Visit `http://localhost:8080` and create an account. (Using the username 'admin' will create a superuser account).
- Create an organization and repository, we will refer to these as {org} and {repo}.
- Use podman or docker to login (we will use podman as pushing to http is far easier).
- `$ podman login --tls-verify=false localhost:8080`
- Tag any image with the local development repository hostname, org, repo, and tag.
- `$ podman tag ubuntu:latest localhost:8080/{org}/{repo}:{tag}`
- Push the tagged image to Quay
- `$ podman push --tls-verify=false localhost:8080/{org}/{repo}:{tag}`

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- QICK at FermiLab Demo
# Poster Presentations
QRAKON - taiwan quantum organization for high schools
- Stephan G for Quantum in Pictures tutorial
- Lia Sam Sara and Ricardo
QCE Day 1 emails: 
Anjul Loiacono - [anjul.loiacono@infleqtion.com](mailto:anjul.loiacono@infleqtion.com
Jessica Rosenberg - [jrosenb4@gmu.edu](mailto:jrosenb4@gmu.edu)
Nancy Holincheck - [nholinch@gmu.edu](mailto:nholinch@gmu.edu)
- https://www.quantumworldcongress.com
- Quantum World Congress is next week! October 6-8

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Kathy of IEEE - Career Fair at 1:00 pm
Nithin Raveendran - University of Arizona professor in Error Correction
# QSO Talk
https://www.quantumsci.org
##### Bridging the gap
![[Pasted image 20230918142440.png]]
- Anyone that has a PhD still has knowledge and still has a useful perspective
**Quantum is pretty good for:
- QUBO problems
- Knapsack problem
- NEC Corporation
---
To turn it into a QUBO -
- Use pyqubo
- uses the paramaters it returns t
- pyqubo also fails with more complexity
- however - their bottlenexk i sthis company - for fiancnaisl
- NEC - japanese company a century old company - fingerpirnts at airpots
- fijutsu and many other companies
Met with Stefano!
when asked about the "copy" action (when it is technically encoding but still copy)
- the other states go into the bell state for example
- but can turn one qubit to two qubits through this logic still
- the phi operator turns negative -
What is the difference between red and green spiders? Diagram of the bloch sphere.
- x-y is green
- z-y is red
green is maximally entangled at some point in the bloch sphere
- bell state pi plus
one with just the red is psi plus state
psi - state
pi gate you have a commute rule that guses them together but changes the sign
- the only thing that gets annoying at times is eulers angle rule
- everything else can be fused together
anything without that turns it without legs is a scalar - compe
---
## Poster Presenting
I of course presented my poster.
![[Pasted image 20230919232958.png]]
Many that I met:
- Groken of CERN and doing PhD - during Career Fair
- quantum monte carlo simulations
- Nicole
- Introduced me to Michal
- interesting conversations were had on a higher level
- Ethan Hansen!
- Daniel
- John
- Hunter Solomon
- As well as others
- Thomaso of Entropica Labs I met with Sara & Ryk at the end.

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- Michael J. Biercuk - the man the myth the legend
- met with QCTRL team
- QCTRL and Xanadu are the ones with the best education kits right now
- Met Paulo of Hyperwalk.org , works at the national scientific lab of Brazil
- he talked to me greatly about a great many deal of topics
- he said capitalism is not the issue, it is people that are the issue
- compared to cultural texts - hindu texts are all in poems
- to watch the talk by Simon Sipek on TED
- what is my why.
- I have to sell this in a way to the many industries
- and to sell and be technical are two different things.
- even though this is a good idea technically and all technical people would agree, I would still have to sell the idea to a nontechnical person
- to build confidence - say something loudly and proudly and you will not admit defeat
- mantas

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A **byte** is a [unit](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit "Unit") of [measurement](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement "Measurement") of the size of [information](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information "Information") on a [computer](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer "Computer") or other [electronic](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics "Electronics") device. A single byte is usually eight [bits](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit "Bit"). Some early computers used six bits for each byte. Bits are the smallest unit of storage on a computer, a single on/off value. Bytes are often represented by the capital letter **B**, bits by a lower case **b**.
A single typed [character](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character "Character") (for example, 'x' or '8') is stored in one byte. The character is held as a [binary](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary "Binary") number which [encodes](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encode "Encode") a text character. To map each number to a character an agreed code such as [EBCDIC](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/EBCDIC "EBCDIC") or [ASCII](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII "ASCII") is needed. EBCDIC is a [character encoding](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding "Character encoding") used mainly on [mainframe computers](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer "Mainframe computer"). It uses 8 bits per byte. ASCII is another encoding that only uses seven bits. _Extended ASCII_ uses 8 bits to give more types of characters, mostly used on [personal computers](https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computers "Personal computers").
## Introducing a qyte
In the field of quantum information science we want to draw similar enough connections. A qyte is a unit of measurement of the size of quantum information on quantum devices. A single qyte is usually 8 qubits. Some earlier computers used binary qubits for each byte. This is not the case for the kyte.