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Difference of providing results as probability versus definitive/discrete answers. Quantum computations deal with necessarily probabilistic solutions. This means that an understanding of how to interpret probabilistic answers needs to be internalized as well.
This is best understood though the use of matrices representing various possibilites. This is where the linear algebra comes in since in those courses, the idea of matrices representing different variable equations are used.
Resources for linear algebra ---> quantum formalism
In 2018, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) published two standards, P7130 and P7131, which establish specific terminologies for quantum technologies and performance metrics for quantum computers, respectively.102 Other members in the industry have also been calling for the development of quantum computing ethics research.103
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highlighted by Shwetha Jayaraj at page 10 on Quantum Computing Technology report.pdf
The main gate-based quantum computer approaches being explored include: trapped ion qubits, superconducting qubits, spin qubits, photoni 88qubits, and topological qubits.
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highlighted by Shwetha Jayaraj at page 7 on Quantum Computing Technology report.pdf
Trapped ion qubits, which served as the computing unit basis for the earlies quantum computer demonstration in 1995, rely on extensive ancillary hardware, including lasers to cool the ions inside vacuums in order to trap 89 and manipulate them.Trapped ion qubit systems have achieved success at smaller scales, but have faced obstacles in scaling up to larger systems, due to difficulties in maintaining appropriate, consistent ambient environments across qubits.90
- highlighted by Shwetha Jayaraj at page 7 on Quantum Computing Technology report.pdf
Superconducting qubits , otherwise known as “artificial atoms,” are macroscopic electronic circuits that exhibit quantized energy levels when cooled to extreme temperatures. Superconducting qubits may be applicable to gate-based quantum computation as well as quantum annealing. Similar to trapped ion qubits, superconducting qubits also become more difficult to operate in higher quantities, as qubit quality may decrease due to interqubit interactions. Thus, higher order systems will require unique arrays tha spatially separate qubits.9
- highlighted by Shwetha Jayaraj at page 7 on Quantum Computing Technology report.pdf
Spin qubits, which can be achieved through a number of different methods, have also received significant investment, including support from Intel Silicon is a leading contender for spin qubits; although silicon qubits require extreme temperatures in order to remain operable, they are known for their stability.9
- highlighted by Shwetha Jayaraj at page 7 on Quantum Computing Technology report.pdf
hotonic qubits, based on single units of light, called photons, are in a mor experimental stage of research than those listed above. Photonic qubits offer unique strengths in that photons do not notably interact with the environmen or with one another. However, they are also uniquely challenging in that 9they are difficult to localize and manipulate.
- highlighted by Shwetha Jayaraj at page 8 on Quantum Computing Technology report.pdf
Topological qubits, comprising an area that has received less funding and media focus to-date, rely on topological symmetry to increase the fidelity of qubits and to improve the error correction process. However, topological qubits are at such an early stage of research that their existence has yet to b experimentally observed.9
- highlighted by Shwetha Jayaraj at page 8 on Quantum Computing Technology report.pdf
Literature Review on Quantum Advantage:
--- from # Contextuality in entanglement-assisted one-shot classical communication
*IV.2 PREPARATION CONTEXTUALITY DRIVES THE QUANTUM ADVANTAGE
*Since any classical strategy is a convex mixture of extremal classical strategies, the upper bound SmaxCl(CIG) can always be achieved by a classical strategy, i.e., there exists an extremal classical strategy i∗∈I such that SCl(CIG)(i∗)=SmaxCl(CIG). Similarly, the upper bound SmaxNC can be saturated by a noncontextual strategy, albeit a very trivial one, following a similar reasoning as at the end of Section IV.2 (except that the extremal response functions here are indeterministic on account of KS-uncolourability). Thus, we have that contextuality also drives the quantum advantage in one-shot classical communication when Bob is oblivious of the channel probabilities and knows only the channel hypergraph.
Contextuality witnessed by a hypergraph-invariant – the weighted max-predictability – is sufficient for a quantum advantage**