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There are a myriad of areas I personally would love to further research into to better optimize quantum computational ability given more time. While  in the previous section it was stated that quantum computers were not deterministic machines, they could instead be super-deterministic  machines, such that there are paths to a solution or output that we may never know  the exact input of but lead to exact answers despite variables that we are ignorant to. Given this was a one semester topic but I had several years of experience of self-teaching myself quantum computing, attending various online zoom discussions and conferences, and trying out different quantum technologies as soon as they were released, I am hoping to delve deeper into creating more significant contributions to this field as well as further with those of diverse backgrounds to understand how quantum information technology may apply to different intersections as well.

From what is observed, there is still further research that is needed in quantum algorithms to reach the capabilities of such a super-deterministic machine and it could be of significant impact what they could apply to based on industry and applications. So a further look at which algorithms are used and more time analyzing using these applications with proper preparation in the industry and general interdisciplinary fields is needed. Furthermore, quantum architecture itself has not been established and decided upon by the commercial community. Currently, superconducting chips are being heavily invested in via IBM as well as trapped ion, cold atom, and even cooler, photonics based computers. These all may be utilized in some combined way in the future. So the fabrication of creating these devices in a combined way to maximize the capabilites of each into one error-corrected, cohesive device is also a future research area.

Furthermore, creating an inclusive and diverse quantum industry with the proper  education is crucial for  this budding transformative technology. In industry environments, by recruiting more from a diverse range of degree subjects and levels than the currently dominant physics Ph.D. programs, there is a larger pool of possible employees. Additionally, this approach has been independently recommended by the Defense Science Board that the Military Department Academies “should add a one-semester quantum technology class for engineering, science, and computer scientists” [6] Quantum awareness has also been highlighted in the National Strategic Overview for Quantum Information Science [7]. This trend fits with the growth of the companies as they move their products out of development into production and the ratio of engineers to physicists increases—the technology is “being transitioned to a product and so at that point we start wanting to pull in more engineers, more technicians.” This change occurs as the science problems are solved, and the main issue becomes ensuring the system is reliable, making not entirly classical engineering talent but especially solution-oriented, problem-solving skills even more valuable. While the experiential model outlined within this work is a start at encompassing that kind of skillset, further implementations can be additionally instilled with others of similar ethic.

Relevancy is also another domain of future research. When a report by the University of Maryland conducted a  sample of industry needs, the following was stated: “Similarly, machine learning has not appeared in our skills lists, despite 38% of companies mentioning it, which is because it was not connected by the interviewees to any specific job or degree. Most of these companies described using machine learning to help analyze their data and optimize the design of their hardware. Only 14% of companies mentioned quantum machine learning and no in any detail. ”When developing a new course, or even a larger program, the breadth of the quantum industry means that choices must be made: what area of the quantum industry should it focus on sensors, networking and communications, or computing Should it be a hardware focused course with hands-on activities? Or more abstract, focusing on quantum programming or pure quantum information theory? Who are these courses for: students or professionals? In which department should these courses be given? These choices should be based on the expertise available at that institution, the needs of the students, and consideration of the local and national connections to industry of the institution. Thus, not only is  the proper  education for future quantum learners needed but also maintaining relevancy of currently implemented classical computing trends with in quantum education itself is a task that is necessary for the future of this field. 

Additionally, technology leadership allows a country to maintain robust security and safety measures in non-military areas such as public utilities and critical daily processes. Furthermore, technology leadership in a field like quantum infrastructure. computing, may yield advances in other industries such as medicine. From Black Engineers: “We believe that to expand opportunities for diverse populations, we need a diverse talent pipeline of the next generation of tech leaders from HBCUs, said Carla Grant Pickens, chief global diversity and inclusion officer at IBM “Diversity and inclusion are what fuel innovation, and students from HBCUs will be positioned to play a significant part of what will drive innovations of the future like quantum computing, cloud, and artificial intelligence. Navigating systemic changes with those that most use this emerging technology is another area to better comprehend in a global sense for future research & improved impact.

Version 1

There a myriad of areas I personally would love to further research into to better optimize quantum computational ability given more time. Given this was a one semester topic but I had several years of experience of self-teaching myself quantum computing, attending various online zooms and conferences, and trying out different quantum technologies as soon as they released, I am hoping I can delve further into creating more signigicant contributions to this field. I hope others of diverse backgrounds will join me in this endeavor as well! From what I can tell, there is still further research that is needed in quantum algoruthms and what they wil apply to based on industry and applications. So a further look at which algorithms are used and more time into using these applications in the industry and genral interdisciplinary fields is needed.

Furthermoe, the quantum architecture itself has not been established and decided upon by the commercial community. Currently, superconducting chips are being heavily invested in via IBM as well as trapped ion, cold atom, and even cooler, photonics (computing with light!) based computers. These all may be utilized in some combined way in the future. So the fabrication of creating these devices is also a future research area.

For junior employees, with a bachelor’s or master’s degree, a senio design or capstone project in a quantum lab, or a simila internship, is a major plus. An essential aspect o laboratory experience is gained from teaching laborato ries, where it is expected that students have learned “ho to keep a lab book ... how to document what [they’ve done... how to prepare a report... how to propose hypothesis.

. By recruiting more from a diverse range of degre subjects and levels than the currently dominant physic Ph.D. programs, there is a larger pool of possible employees. This approach has been independently recommended by th Defense Science Board that the Military Departmen Academies “should add a one-semester quantum technolog class for engineering, science, and computer scientists” [6] Quantum awareness has also been highlighted in the National Strategic Overview for Quantum Information Science [7]. Furthermore, this trend fits with the growt of the companies as they move their products out o development into production and the ratio of engineers to physicists increases—the technology is “being transitioned to a product and so at that point we start wanting to pull i more engineers, more technicians.” This change occurs as the science problems are solved, and the main issue becomes ensuring the system is reliable, making classical engineerin skills become even more valuable.

Similarly, machine learning has not appeared in ou skills lists, despite 38% of companies mentioning it, whic is because it was not connected by the interviewees to any specific job or degree. Most of these companies described using machine learning to help analyze their data and optimize the design of their hardware. Only 14% of companies mentioned quantum machine learning and no in any detai

. When developing a new course, or even a larger program, the breadth of the quantum industry means that choices must b made: what area of the quantum industry should it focus on sensors, networking and communications, or computing Should it be a hardware focused course with hands-o activities? Or more abstract, focusing of quantum programming or pure quantum information theory? Who are thes courses for: students or professionals? In which departmen should these courses be given? These choices should be based on the expertise available at that institution, the needs of the students, and consideration of the local and nationa connections to industry of the institution.

xamines issues of interoperability and integration between the Classic Information Science (CIS) and Quantum Information Science (QIS). This paper provide a short introduction to the Extensible Markup Language (XML) and proceeds to describ the development steps that have lead to a prototype XML specification for quantum computing (QIS-XML). QIS-XML is a proposed framework, based on the widely use standard (XML) to describe, visualize, exchange and process quantum gates and quantum circuits. It also provides a potential approach to a generic programming language for quantum computers through the concept of XML driven compilers. Examples ar provided for the description of commonly used quantum gates and circuits, accompanie with tools to visualize them in standard web browsers

. By leveraging a widely accepted standard, QIS-XML also builds a bridge between classic and quantum IT, whic could foster the acceptance of QIS by the ICT community and facilitate th understanding of quantum technology by IT experts. This would support th consolidation of Classic Information Science and Quantum Information Science into a Complete Information Science, a challenge that could be referred to as the “Information Science Grand Unification Challenge”

Additionally, technology leadership allows a country to maintain robust security and safety measures in non-military areas such as public utilities and critical 82 Furthermore, technology leadership in a field like quantuinfrastructure. computing, that may yield advances in other industries such as medicine, manufacturing, and AI, creates precedent for national leadership in other critical 83 areas.Although this motive for controls has received criticism, as a potential “weaponization” of trade,84it is worth noting that this may be a secondary drive of controls. Depending on the specific motive, different types of controls will be applied.

“We believe that to expand opportunit for diverse populations, we need a diverse talent pipeline of the nex generation of tech leaders from HBCUs, said Carla Grant Pickens, chief globa diversity and inclusion officer at IBM “Diversity and inclusion are what fuel innovation, and students from HBCUs will be positioned to play a significant part of what will drive innovations fo the future like quantum computing, cloud, and artificial intelligence.

The output of the validation transformation is an HTML document that reports errors and warnings for each < Gate > and < Circuit >. An example is shown below for the 9-qubi Shor code circuit (in which an error has been introduced). I expect the validation transform to grow as the QIS-XML increases in complexity

XML does not come with a complex number data type. I therefore created an element that can hold a real and imaginary value. Later on, as I started to practically describe gates, I quickly realized that a quantitativ value is sometimes not enough and it is useful to also have the option to provide symbolic expression that describe the complex number. As this symbolic expression can be software or environment dependent, it can be repeated as often as necessary.