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"A computer without an algorithm is just a dumb computer"
Additional Resources on Algorithms:
- quantum algorithms are those that offer an advantage over any classical alternatives. The full timelines and description of those algorithms are found here on Devopedia.
- Apparently there is a quantum algoirthm generator!! The pypi package is here
- **Shor’s Algorithm:**
- Shor's algorithm is a quantum computer algorithm for integer factorization. Informally, it solves the following problem: Given an integer, find its prime factors. It was invented in 1994 by the American mathematician Peter Shor. On a quantum computer, to factor an integer, Shor's algorithm runs in polynomial time. -search unordered list in square root n time rather than searching every element which leads to O(n)
- The algorithm that quantum computers can effectively use to solve various problems that we have set up in society today. Essentially, our entire system is set up on mathematics; therefore, with this algorithm, a quantum computer can solve issues of factorization, discrete log, elliptical curve and more which means all RSA encrypted cryptosystems could easily be broken.
- **Grover Search Algorithm:**
- Search algorithm that can produce amazing results for the unstructured search problem found in computer science. The classical 3-SAT NP problem can be solved with quantum computers with a significant speedup time.
- Selby’s algorithm → better than a d-wave quantum
- There are currently approximately 50 quantum algorithms in place to create a more quantum efficient system
- The Random Walk of the Markov Chain is used to find vertices on a graph
- However a quantum walk is able to improve their version of this
- The random walk/markov chain is used sampling/search problems in classical computing, whereas a quantum walk, where a simulated coherent quantum evolution of a particle moving on a graph is computed, would provide an alternate method to search that would outperform a markov chain, with both faster hitting and faster mixing
- Quantum languages that you can learn to get started developing on the quantum cloud
- Python
- Cirq is google’s software library for writing, manipulating, and optimizing quantum circuits
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How to incorporate blockchain in the quantum realm?
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Break RSA with shor’s algorithm
- Instead of breaking RSA with bruteforce which classical computing assumes, quantum computer finds the period of a function which contain the RSA key and classically computes the greatest common divisor
- Find the period of a function with a hadamard gate
- To create quantum superposition
- Implement function into quantum transform
- Perform the quantum fourier transform
- The RSA 2048 Challenge problem would take 1 billion years with a classical computer but a quantum computer could do it in 100 seconds
- Quantum computer may never likely be a standalone system but together with a supercomputer that time to break an RSA key will be very reasonable.
- A Lattice based cryptography can offer resistance to quantum computers
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D-Wave has release a 2048 qubit system - This is a quantum annealer
- This runs algorithms that are great for optimization problems by quickly searching over a space to find a minimum solution
- ex. The ice cream sales rep problem
- You have invested in the business of selling ice cream and bought ice cream truck
- Optimal route to pass through all neighborhoods of the city.
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Climate impacts of quantum engineering:
- Rather than use more electricity, quantum computers will reduce power consumption anywhere from 100 - 1000x because quantum computers use quantum tunneling
- Quantum computers are very fragile
- Any vibrations impacts atoms and causes decoherence
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In the early 2000s, the ARPA advanced research and development activity established a road map for quantum computing