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notes/Machine Tips (Quantum)/Resources/Algorithms/Alg Collection/More Algorithms.md

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"A computer without an algorithm is just a dumb computer"

Additional Resources on Algorithms:
  • quantum algorithms are those that offer an advantage over any classical alternatives. The full timelines and description of those algorithms are found here on Devopedia.
  • Apparently there is a quantum algoirthm generator!! The pypi package is here

  • **Shors Algorithm:** 
    • Shor's algorithm is a quantum computer algorithm for integer factorization. Informally, it solves the following problem: Given an integer, find its prime factors. It was invented in 1994 by the American mathematician Peter Shor. On a quantum computer, to factor an integer, Shor's algorithm runs in polynomial time. -search unordered list in square root n time rather than searching every element which leads to O(n)
    • The algorithm that quantum computers can effectively use to solve various problems that we have set up in society today. Essentially, our entire system is set up on mathematics; therefore, with this algorithm, a quantum computer can solve issues of factorization, discrete log, elliptical curve and more which means all RSA encrypted cryptosystems could easily be broken.
  • **Grover Search Algorithm:**
    • Search algorithm that can produce amazing results for the unstructured search problem found in computer science. The classical 3-SAT NP problem can be solved with quantum computers with a significant speedup time. 
  • Selbys algorithm → better than a d-wave quantum 
    • There are currently approximately 50 quantum algorithms in place to create a more quantum efficient system 
  • The Random Walk of the Markov Chain is used to find vertices on a graph 
    • However a quantum walk is able to improve their version of this 
    • The random walk/markov chain is used sampling/search problems in classical computing, whereas a quantum walk, where a simulated coherent quantum evolution of a particle moving on a graph is computed, would provide an alternate method to search that would outperform a markov chain, with both faster hitting and faster mixing 

  • Quantum languages that you can learn to get started developing on the quantum cloud 
    • Python 
    • Cirq is googles software library for writing, manipulating, and optimizing quantum circuits 

  • How to incorporate blockchain in the quantum realm? 

  • Break RSA with shors algorithm 

    • Instead of breaking RSA with bruteforce  which classical computing assumes, quantum computer finds the period of a function which contain the RSA key and classically computes the greatest common divisor 
    • Find the period of a function with a hadamard gate
    • To create quantum superposition
    • Implement function into quantum transform 
    • Perform the quantum fourier transform 
    • The RSA 2048 Challenge problem would take 1 billion years with a classical computer but a quantum computer could do it in 100 seconds
    • Quantum computer may never likely be a standalone system but together with a supercomputer that time to break an RSA key will be very reasonable. 
    • A Lattice based cryptography can offer resistance to quantum computers 
  • D-Wave has release a 2048 qubit system  - This is a quantum annealer 

    • This runs algorithms that are great for optimization problems by quickly searching over a space to find a minimum solution
    • ex. The ice cream sales rep problem 
      • You have invested in the business of selling ice cream and bought ice cream truck 
      • Optimal route to pass through all neighborhoods of the city. 
  • Climate impacts of quantum engineering: 

    • Rather than use more electricity, quantum computers will reduce power consumption anywhere from 100 - 1000x because quantum computers use quantum tunneling 
    • Quantum computers are very fragile 
    • Any vibrations impacts atoms and causes decoherence
  • In the early 2000s, the ARPA advanced research and development activity established a road map for quantum computing